9: Prepositions and Vav Conjunction Flashcards
What are the two kinds of prepositions?
- Independent
- Inseparable
What are the Independent prepositions?
- Independent words, like english prepositions
- The prepositions עַל and אֶל are almost always written with a marqueef (עַל־)
What are Inseparable prepositions?
- Words that are joined to the word they govern (as a prefix)
What are the three Inseparable prepositions?
- There are three inseparable prepositions:
- בְּ = in, at, with
- כְּ = like, as, according to
- לְ = to, for
What is the first characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- Its regular vowel is a sheva
What is the second characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- If a word begins with a sheva, the vowel will be chireq
What is the third characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- If a word begins with chatef-patach, chatef-segol or chatef-qamets, the vowel will be the corresponding short vowel.
What is the fourth characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- Sometimes, if a word begins with chatef-segol under an א, the vowel under the א will drop and the vowel under the preposition will be tsere.
What is the fifth characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- When an inseparable preposition is added to a definite noun, the ה of the definite article is replaced by the consonantal element of the preposition.
What if I want to combine inseparable prepositions with the definite article?
- Substitute the Hey of the definite article with the desired inseparable preposition
- Leave the other two elements of the definite article.
- patach
- strong dagesh
What if I want to combine the definite article with an inseparable preposition but the next word begins with a guttural?
- you follow the same procedure of the definite article with gutturals but substitute the Hey with the desired preposition
What are two characteristics of the preposition מִן?
- It is independent with definite nouns.
- Joined with a maqqef (־)
- מִן־הָזֶבַח “from the sacrifice”
- It is inseparable with indefinite nouns.
What are the characteristics of מִן when it is inseparable?
- The נ is assimilated to the following consonant, this is indicated by the strong dagesh
- מִןזֶבַח > מִזזֶבַח > מִזֶּבַח “from a sacrifice”
- Before indefinite nouns that begin with gutturals or resh, the נ is dropped and not indicated by strong dagesh
- The expected chireq is lengthened to tsere to compensate for not doubling the following consonant.
- מֵאָב = “from a father”
Summary of מִן preposition
- מִן־ (with definite nouns)
- ּ מִן (with indefinite nouns)
- מֵ (with indefinite + guttural nouns)
What are the two kinds of conjunctions in Hebrew?
- Coordinating (vav ו)
- Subordinating
What is the first characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- The vav conjunction is inseparable and usually written with a sheva.
- וְלֵב = and a heart
What is the second characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- Before a word beginning with מ , ב or פ, the form is וּ
- mnemonic BUMP
- וּבַיִת = and a house
- This will also happen in words beginning with vocal shevas
What is the third characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- Before a word beginning with chatef-patach, chatef-segol, or chatef-qamets, the vowel is the corresponding short vowel.
How can the vav conjunction be used?
- Vav can be used to join two subjects.
- הָלְכוּ שָׁאִישׁ וְהָאִשָּׁה = The man and the woman walked.
- Vav can be used to join two direct objects.
- שָׁלַח אֶת־הַנָּבִיא וְאֶת־הסכֹּהֵן = He sent the prophet and the priest
- Vav can be used to join verbs.
גָּדוֹל
large, great
חַי
alive, living
חָכָם
wise, skillfull
טָהוֹר
clean, pure
טוֹב
good, pleasing
טָמֵא
unclean, impure
יָשָׁר
straight, right
קָדוֹשׁ
holy, sacred
רַב
much, great, many
רָשָׁע
guilty, wicked
