26: The Verb: Vav-Relative Flashcards
1
Q
What is the vav-relative?
A
- The vav-relative is a special use of the conjunction vav (ו) when attached to a pf or impf verb.
- This vav “relates” the verb to which it is attached to a previous verb.
2
Q
How is the vav-relative impf formed?
A
- Vav-relative impf (wayyiqtol) is made up of vav + patach + strong dagesh ( ּּ וַ ), prefixed to the impf/jus.
3
Q
What is the verb form used on the vav-relative impf?
A
- The verb form used is actually the jus not the impf, as is clear from the vav-relative impf of some forms of III Hey and Hollow verbs.
4
Q
What happens often, but not always, with the accent on vav-relative Imperfect forms?
A
- Often, but not always, the accent moves to the right, thus explaining the difference between the jus יָקֹם ; and the vav-relative impf וַיָּקָם (the second qamets = qamets-chatuf )
5
Q
How is the form of the vav-relative perfect made up?
A
- Vav-relative perfect (weqatal) is made up of the simple vav ( וְ ) prefixed to the pf.
6
Q
What happens often, but not always, with the accent on vav-relative Perfect forms?
A
- Often, but not always, the accent will move to the final syllable.
7
Q
What is the use of the vav-relative?
A
- Vav-relative is used in a variety of ways, but the most frequent use is to express temporal succession: “The next thing that happened (or will happen).”
8
Q
How many kinds of vav-relative imperfect there are in hebrew?
A
there were two imperfects:
- a “long imperfect” and
- a “short imperfect.”
9
Q
How was the vav-relative long imperfect used?
A
- The long imperfect was used as a present and a future.
- This long imperfect is found in Biblical Hebrew as the imperfect (“and this will happen”)
10
Q
How was the short vav-relative imperfect used?
A
- The short imperfect was used as a jussive and for past time.
- This short imperfect is found in Biblical Hebrew as a jussive ( יָקֹם ) and in the vav-relative impf ( וַיָּקָם ), which expresses temporal succession in past time. (“and this happened”)
- The vav-relative imperfect = past time is simply the preservation of an old use of the short imperfect.
11
Q
What is the use of the vav-relative perfect (weqatal)?
A
- The original use of the vav-relative pf was probably to mark the “then” clause in an “if . . . then” statement.
- Because the “then” clause is by definition a future situation, the vav- relative pf is used to express temporal succession in future time when following an impf verb.
12
Q
Recite the Wayyiqtol and Weqatal paradigms
A
13
Q
Summary of Vav-relative use
A
- The vav-relative flips the meaning of the perfect/imperfect
- Perfect: Weqatal (weq): וְמָלַךְ
- “and he will rule” (imperfect meaning)
- Imperfect: Wayyiqtol (way): וַיִּמְלֹךְ
- “and he ruled” (perfect meaning)
- Perfect: Weqatal (weq): וְמָלַךְ
14
Q
אַחֲרֵי
A
after, behind
15
Q
כַּאֲשֶׁר
A
just as, when
