21: The Verb: Qal Active Participle Flashcards
What are the two participles in Hebrew?
- Active
- Passive
(This chapter is for the active participle)
What does it mean that Hebrew participles are “non-finite”?
- That they are marked for gender and number but not for person.
What is the Form of the Active Participle?
What are some characteristics of the active participle?
- The ptc is declined like the adjective
- The fs has two forms, but קֹטֶלֶת is the more frequent.
What is “defective spelling”?
When a word should be spelled with a long vowel, but is spelled without the vowel letter. For example,
- cholem for cholem-vav
- chireq for chireq yod
- qibuts for shureq
How is the qal ptc an example of defective spelling?
- The qal ptc is usually spelled with cholem, but should be spelled with cholem-vav, and is therefore spelled defectively.
What are other examples of defective spelling?
- לֹא for לוֹא
- נְבִאִים for נְבִיאִים
How do the qal ptc of weak roots vary from the standard paradigm?
- These are key variations:
What kind of action does the participle expresses?
- Continuing action
Does the ptc determine tense?
- No. Tense is determined by the context
How can an imminent future action (“about to”) can be expressed with the ptc?
- by the particle הִנֵּה plus the ptc.
What three uses does the ptc have?
The ptc has the same three uses as the adjective:
- attributive
- predicate
- substantive
What are the characteristics of the attributive ptc?
- An attributive ptc must agree in gender, number, and definiteness, and follow the noun it describes.
- Usually be definite and are best translated with “who.”
What are the characteristics of the predicate ptc?
- A predicate ptc must agree in gender and number but does not have the definite article and usually follows the noun it describes.
- (Remember, however, that the predicate adjective tends to come before the noun it describes.)
What are the characteristics of the substantive ptc?
- A substantive ptc is used as a noun
What are the two states of the ptc?
- The ptc is used in the construct (cs) as well as the absolute (abs) state
How are ptc used with suffixes?
The ptc can take pronoun suffixes.
- The suffix is usually the object of the verb.
Recite the paradigm for Active Participles
