21: The Verb: Qal Active Participle Flashcards
What are the two participles in Hebrew?
- Active
- Passive
(This chapter is for the active participle)
What does it mean that Hebrew participles are “non-finite”?
- That they are marked for gender and number but not for person.
What is the Form of the Active Participle?
What are some characteristics of the active participle?
- The ptc is declined like the adjective
- The fs has two forms, but קֹטֶלֶת is the more frequent.
What is “defective spelling”?
When a word should be spelled with a long vowel, but is spelled without the vowel letter. For example,
- cholem for cholem-vav
- chireq for chireq yod
- qibuts for shureq
How is the qal ptc an example of defective spelling?
- The qal ptc is usually spelled with cholem, but should be spelled with cholem-vav, and is therefore spelled defectively.
What are other examples of defective spelling?
- לֹא for לוֹא
- נְבִאִים for נְבִיאִים
How do the qal ptc of weak roots vary from the standard paradigm?
- These are key variations:
What kind of action does the participle expresses?
- Continuing action
Does the ptc determine tense?
- No. Tense is determined by the context
How can an imminent future action (“about to”) can be expressed with the ptc?
- by the particle הִנֵּה plus the ptc.
What three uses does the ptc have?
The ptc has the same three uses as the adjective:
- attributive
- predicate
- substantive
What are the characteristics of the attributive ptc?
- An attributive ptc must agree in gender, number, and definiteness, and follow the noun it describes.
- Usually be definite and are best translated with “who.”
What are the characteristics of the predicate ptc?
- A predicate ptc must agree in gender and number but does not have the definite article and usually follows the noun it describes.
- (Remember, however, that the predicate adjective tends to come before the noun it describes.)
What are the characteristics of the substantive ptc?
- A substantive ptc is used as a noun
What are the two states of the ptc?
- The ptc is used in the construct (cs) as well as the absolute (abs) state
How are ptc used with suffixes?
The ptc can take pronoun suffixes.
- The suffix is usually the object of the verb.
Recite the paradigm for Active Participles
גִּבּוֹר
mighty man
דּוֹר
generation
חוֹמָה
wall
חֵמָה
heat, anger
עַתָּה
now
שָׁם
there
אָסַר
he imprisoned
חָנָה
he camped
חָרָה
he was hot, angry
לָכַד
he captured
