24: The Verb: Qal Volitives Flashcards
What are volitives?
Verb forms that are used to express the will of the speaker.
What are the three kinds of volitives in Hebrew?
- Cohortative: volitive of the first person, for example, “Let me listen!”
- Imperative: volitive of the second person, for example, “Listen!”
- Jussive: volitive of the third person, for example, “Let him listen!”
What is the characteristic of the Cohortative form?
The cohortative is the first person impf, to which ה ָ is added. This ה ָ is not to be confused with ה ָ the fs marker.
What is the form of the Cohortative Qal Strong Verb?
- 1cs (“let me…”) and 1cp (“let us…”)
- Since the medium cholem ( ֹ ) ends up in an open pretonic syllable, cholem reduces to sheva,
What are the cohortative forms for Qal Weak Verbs?
What is the cohortative form for Qal Weak Verb: III Hey?
What is the characteristic of the Imperative form?
- The imperative, like the inf const, is related to the imperfect. Basically, the impv is the second person impf without the prefix.
What is the Imperative form for Qal Strong Verbs?
What happens if the impf has a patach as the theme vowel?
- then so does the impv (imperative)
What are the Imperative forms for Qal Weak Verbs: I Guttural?
What are the Imperative forms for Qal Weak Verbs: I Nun?
- Nun comes back
What are the Imperative forms for Qal Weak Verbs: I Yod (Vav)?
What are the Imperative forms for Qal Weak Verbs: III Hey?
What is the Jussive form for Qal Strong Verbs?
In the strong verb, the jus and the impf are identical in form. Context determines whether a jus or an impf translation is required.
What is the Jussive form for Qal Weak Verbs?
- In most weak verbs, the jus and the impf are identical in form. One exception is III Hey verbs. In III Hey verbs, the jus is a shortened form of the impf.
- Hey drops off
Recite the Qal Volitives
How are the Cohortative and Jussive negated?
- They are negated with אַל (“not”)
What is “ a jussive of the second person”?
- The Imperative is never negated.
- To express a negative command in the second person, a “jussive of the second person” is used.
- The form is that of a jussive, being short, but used in the second person.
What is another use of the volitives?
- to express the “indirect” will of the speaker.
- An indirect volitive will most often be translated as a purpose clause in English, “so that. . . .”
How can you recognize an indirect volitive?
- Whenever there is a sequence of volitive + וְ + volitive, the second volitive is usually “indirect,” unless the volitives are the same person.
בּוֹא
(Qal inf. construct)
to go in, to enter
בּוֹשׁ
(qal inf. const)
to be ashamed
בִּין
(qal inf. construct)
to understand
מוּת
(qal inf. const)
to die
סוּר
(qal inf. const)
to turn aside
קוּם
(qal inf. const.)
to arise, to stand
רוּם
(qal inf. const.)
to be high, to be exalted
רוּץ
(qal inf. const.)
to run
שִׂים
(qal inf. const.)
to put, to place
שׁוּב
(qal inf. const.)
to turn, to return, to repent
