15: Qal Perfect and Imperfect: I Nun and III Hey

Question 1

In what way do I Nun verbs vary from the standard paradigm?

Answer 1

when the nun of the root is followed by a non-guttural consonant, the nun assimilates to that consonant

Question 2

Why do I Nun verbs on the Qal Perfect form stay regular?

Answer 2

Because the nun is never followed by a consonant in the qal pf, these forms are regular. For example, נָפַל and נְפַלְתֶּם

Question 3

How do I Nun verbs change on the Qal Imperfect form?

Answer 3

In all forms, the nun is followed by a consonant; as a result, the nun is assimilated to that consonant and is indicated by strong dagesh.

(this is the paradigm for נפל)

Question 4

How does the Qal Imperfect of לקח behaves?

Answer 4

• The verb לקח acts as if it were a I Nun verb in the impf.
• Because the final consonant is a guttural, the theme vowel is patach, not cholem.

Question 5

Why do III Hey verbs vary from the standard paradigm?

Answer 5

• III Hey verbs vary from the standard paradigm, because the final hey ( ה ) is not a consonant but a vowel letter.
• Most of the III Hey roots originally ended with a consonantal yod ( י ), which dropped off at a certain point in time, leaving only a vowel, now indicated by the final hey ( ה ).

Question 6

What is the Qal Perfect form of III Hey verbs?

Answer 6

• Most forms have י ִ after the second root letter;
• since the tav ( ת ) of the suffix is preceded by a vowel, the weak dagesh is lost.

Question 7

How does the III Hey changes on the Qal Imperfect form?

Answer 7

• The ending ה ֶ is found on half of the forms.
• The 2fs, 3mp, and 2mp attach the vocalic suffix to the second/final root letter.
• The 3fp and 2fp have י ֶ after the second/final root letter and before the נָה; suffix.

Question 8

What are Doubly Weak Verbs?

Answer 8

Numerous roots have two weaknesses. The forms show the characteristics of each weak paradigm. An example is עשׂה, which is I Guttural and III Hey.

Question 9

How does the perfect tense display the doubly weak form on III Hey and I Guttural?

Answer 9

• III Hey verbs in all forms
• I Guttural verbs in the 2mp, which is the only doubly weak form in this case.

Question 10

How does the imperfect tense display the doubly weak form on III Hey and I Guttural?

Answer 10

• III Hey and I Guttural are displayed in all forms.

Question 11

אֹזֶן

Answer 11

ear (f)

Question 12

אַף

Answer 12

nose, anger

Question 13

זְרוֹעַ

Answer 13

arm (f)

Question 14

כָּתֵף

Answer 14

shoulder (f)

Question 15

עַיִן

Answer 15

eye (m and f)

Question 16

פֶּה

Answer 16

mouth (also, mouth of a cave, opening)

Question 17

פָּנִים

Answer 17

face

Question 18

רֹאשׁ

Answer 18

head

Question 19

רֵאשִׁית

Answer 19

beginning

Question 20

רֶגֶל

Answer 20

foot (f)