9. Nutrition Flashcards
What vitamin deficiency is associated with bleeding problems?
Vitamin C - disrupts/weakens the blood vessel walls (without vitamin C, you can’t crossbridge collagen)
What is the main problem with thiamine deficiency?
ATP depletion (pyruvate dehydrogenase doesn’t work)
How does thiamine deficiency lead to dry beri beri?
Takes a lot of ATP to make myelin
What does wet beri beri refer to?
Cardiomyopathy in thiamine deficiency (wet = edema)
Patient with IV with dextrose suddenly develops nystagmus, ataxia, confusion - what happened?
Thiamine deficiency - the sugar used up all the thiamine and lead to acute Wernicke encephalopathy
What is pellagra?
Niacin deficiency - dermatitic rash in sun exposed areas
What amino acid is used to make niacin?
Tryptophan
What side effect is associated with niacin?
Flushing
What vitamin is an important cofactor in the synthesis of heme?
Pyridoxine (B6)
What is the most common cause of B6 deficiency?
Isoniazid
Why do patients with B6 deficiency develop neuro symptoms?
Trouble making neurotransmitters
Eating lots of raw eggs - what vitamin deficiency?
Biotin
What vitamin do you need to form oxaloacetate?
Biotin
Glutathione peroxidase requires what cofactor?
Selenium
Old person with smell and taste deficiency, rash on the face, poor wound healing - what mineral is deficient?
Zinc
What patient population is particularly zinc deficient?
Diabetes
Soluble vs. insoluble fiber can lower cholesterol?
Soluble
What 2 diseases do you restrict protein in?
- Chronic renal failure
2. Cirrhosis of the liver (cannot metabolize ammonia)
What’s the most common benign tumor in women?
Uterine leiomyoma
What’s the most common benign tumor in men?
Lipoma
What does adenoma mean?
Benign tumor of a gland
Carcinoma vs. sarcoma?
Carcinoma - malignancy of epithelial tissue (squamous, adeno - glands, transitional cell - GU tract)
Sarcoma - malignancy of connective/mesenchymal tissue
What’s the benign version of melanoma?
Nevus
S100 stains thing developed from what?
Neural crest
16 year old girl with LRQ pain and X ray shows calcifications?
Teratoma - calcification can be teeth, bones, etc.
