16. Hematology

Question 1

Woman with lymph node involvement - anterior mediastinum and one other location above the diaphragm?

Answer 1

Hodgkin’s disease

Question 2

What’s the most abundant gammaglobulin?

Answer 2

GAMmaglobulin: IgG > IgA > IgM

Question 3

Polyclonal gammamopathy?

Answer 3

Benign, chronic inflammation

Question 4

Monoclonal gammamopathy?

Answer 4

Malignancy of plasma cell (usually IgG)

Question 5

Light chains in the urine?

Answer 5

Bence Jone proteins

Question 6

Why are Down syndrome patients at increased risk of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 6

Extra chromosome 21 making extra beta amyloid

Question 7

Macrophage looks like it has crinkly paper inside

Answer 7

Gaucher’s - accumulation of glucocerebroside

Question 8

What is the only glycogen storage disease that is a lysosomal storage disease?

Answer 8

Pompe - deficiency of lysosomal alpha 1,4 glucosidase with build up of glycogen in the lysosome

Question 9

Where is ATIII made?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

How does Heparin work?

Answer 10

Potentiates ATIII

Question 11

What do Protein C and S do?

Answer 11

Inactivate Factor V and VIII

Question 12

Why do we need Proteins C and S?

Answer 12

ATIII only inactivates serine proteases - cannot inactivate Factor V and VIII

Question 13

Woman on OCP and smoking?

Answer 13

HUGE risk of thrombosis

Question 14

Bleeding time deals with what?

Answer 14

Platelet function - NOTHING to do with coagulation factor

Question 15

Where is vWF found?

Answer 15

Platelets and endothelial cells

Question 16

What is the point of vWF?

Answer 16

Adhesion molecule - lets platelets stick

Question 17

What does vWF cause platelets to release?

Answer 17

ADP - promotes aggregation

Question 18

What is the most important chemical for platelet aggregation?

Answer 18

Thromboxane A2

Question 19

What does thromboxane A2 and how is this important to platelet function?

Answer 19

Potent vasoconstriction - slows blood flow so the platelets can stick together

Question 20

What are the 3 functions of thromboxane A2?

Answer 20

1. vasoconstriction
2. bronchoconstriction
3. platelet aggregation

Question 21

What’s the difference between aspirin and NSAIDs?

Answer 21

Aspirin is irreversible, NSAIDs is reversible

Question 22

Menorrhagia - platelet or coag factor problem?

Answer 22

Coag factor

Question 23

Hemarthrosis - platelet or coag factor problem?

Answer 23

Coag factor

Question 24

Petechiae - platelet or coag factor problem?

Answer 24

Platelet

Question 25

Ristocetin co-factor assay?

Answer 25

Tells you that vWF problem

Question 26

Arthritis patient comes in bleeding but all normal tests - what’s going on?

Answer 26

Normal platelet count but he’s on NSAID’s so platelets aren’t aggregating