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Goljan > 4. Cell Injury + Inflammation > Flashcards

4. Cell Injury + Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Goblet cells in the stomach - normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal - glandular metaplasia

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2
Q

Glandular metaplasia in the stomach is a precursor to what?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

What is the precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin? Farmer skin pigmentation scraped off and it grew back.

A

Actinic keratosis (from UV sun exposure)

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4
Q

What causes rubor, calor, tumor in acute inflammation?

A

Histamine!

  1. Rubor and calor - arterial vasodilation
  2. Tumor - increase permeability of venules
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5
Q

What causes dolor in acute inflammation?

A

Bradykinin - increases vessel permeability

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6
Q

What degrades bradykinin?

A

ACE

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7
Q

What 2 cells have type IV collagenase?

A

Neutrophils and cancer cells

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8
Q

What are two opsonizers?

A

IgG, C3b

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9
Q

Where is most NADPH synthesized?

A

Pentose phosphate shunt

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10
Q

What enzyme produces NADPH?

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

What does NADPH do?

A

Converts molecular oxygen to free radical

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12
Q

What cells have the oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system?

A

Neutrophils and monocytes (but not macrophages)

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13
Q

What’s the macrophage of the CNS?

A

Microbial cells

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14
Q

Why does G6PD often first present with infection?

A

No NADPH = no working oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system

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15
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood - what can they kill and why?

A

Can kill strep but not staph because staph produces catalase which neutralizes the peroxide it produces (which is what the kid with the disease needs)

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16
Q

What’s the difference between chronic granulomatous disease of childhood vs. myeloperoxidase deficiency?

A

BOTH cannot make bleach

CGD - no respiratory burst, sex-linked
Myeloperoxidase deficiency - yes respiratory burst, autosomal recessive

17
Q

What amino acid makes serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

18
Q

Where is NO made?

A

Endothelial cells

19
Q

What does NO do?

A

Major vasodilator - plays a big role in septic shock

20
Q

IL-1 does what?

A

Fever

21
Q

Corticosteroids do what?

A

Inhibit phospholipase A2 so you don’t produce prostaglandins or leukotrienes

22
Q

What does omega-3 do?

A

Like aspirin - block platelet aggregation

23
Q

Leukotrienes are what?

A

Bronchoconstrictors

24
Q

What does aspirin block?

A

Cyclooxygenase (irreversible)

25
Q

PGI2 is made where?

A

Endothelial cells

26
Q

Thromboxane A2 is made where?

A

Platelet

27
Q

Why does cortisol lead to increase in neutrophils?

A

Decreases adhesion molecule synthesis so the neutrophils enter the blood stream

28
Q

How do corticosteroids affect lymphocytes?

A

Stimulate caspases –> apoptosis –> decreased lymphocytes

29
Q

How do corticosteroids affect eosinophils?

A

Decrease

30
Q

What is the only granulocyte that has crystals in its granules?

A

Eosinophils

Goljan (21 decks)

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