4. Cell Injury + Inflammation Flashcards
Goblet cells in the stomach - normal or abnormal?
Abnormal - glandular metaplasia
Glandular metaplasia in the stomach is a precursor to what?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
What is the precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin? Farmer skin pigmentation scraped off and it grew back.
Actinic keratosis (from UV sun exposure)
What causes rubor, calor, tumor in acute inflammation?
Histamine!
- Rubor and calor - arterial vasodilation
- Tumor - increase permeability of venules
What causes dolor in acute inflammation?
Bradykinin - increases vessel permeability
What degrades bradykinin?
ACE
What 2 cells have type IV collagenase?
Neutrophils and cancer cells
What are two opsonizers?
IgG, C3b
Where is most NADPH synthesized?
Pentose phosphate shunt
What enzyme produces NADPH?
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
What does NADPH do?
Converts molecular oxygen to free radical
What cells have the oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system?
Neutrophils and monocytes (but not macrophages)
What’s the macrophage of the CNS?
Microbial cells
Why does G6PD often first present with infection?
No NADPH = no working oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system
Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood - what can they kill and why?
Can kill strep but not staph because staph produces catalase which neutralizes the peroxide it produces (which is what the kid with the disease needs)
What’s the difference between chronic granulomatous disease of childhood vs. myeloperoxidase deficiency?
BOTH cannot make bleach
CGD - no respiratory burst, sex-linked
Myeloperoxidase deficiency - yes respiratory burst, autosomal recessive
What amino acid makes serotonin?
Tryptophan
Where is NO made?
Endothelial cells
What does NO do?
Major vasodilator - plays a big role in septic shock
IL-1 does what?
Fever
Corticosteroids do what?
Inhibit phospholipase A2 so you don’t produce prostaglandins or leukotrienes
What does omega-3 do?
Like aspirin - block platelet aggregation
Leukotrienes are what?
Bronchoconstrictors
What does aspirin block?
Cyclooxygenase (irreversible)
PGI2 is made where?
Endothelial cells
Thromboxane A2 is made where?
Platelet
Why does cortisol lead to increase in neutrophils?
Decreases adhesion molecule synthesis so the neutrophils enter the blood stream
How do corticosteroids affect lymphocytes?
Stimulate caspases –> apoptosis –> decreased lymphocytes
How do corticosteroids affect eosinophils?
Decrease
What is the only granulocyte that has crystals in its granules?
Eosinophils
