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Goljan > 5. Inflammation + Fluid and Hemodynamics > Flashcards

5. Inflammation + Fluid and Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Chronically draining sinus tract on the skin with ulcer that doesn’t respond to antibiotics?

A

Squamous cell cancer

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2
Q

What do we worry about with scars from 3rd degree burns?

A

Squamous cell cancer - lots of multiplying cells

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3
Q

What is the main immunoglobulin of acute inflammation?

A

IgM - need lots of complement components and IgM is the most potent activator (classical pathway)

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4
Q

What is the main immunoglobulin of chronic inflammation?

A

IgG

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5
Q

What is the key cell in allergic reaction?

A

Eosinophils

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6
Q

What’s the main inflammatory cell in viral infection?

A

Lymphocytes

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7
Q

Is pus a characteristic of acute or chronic inflammation?

A

Acute - exudate from increased permeability

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8
Q

Are granulomas acute or chronic?

A

Chronic

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9
Q

What type of reaction causes a granuloma?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Describe the formation of a granuloma.

A
  1. Macrophage processes TB antigen
  2. Presents to CD4 cells
  3. Release gamma interferon
  4. Gamma interferon triggers macrophage to kill those organisms - caseous necrosis
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11
Q

What is an epithelioid?

A

Activated macrophage

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12
Q

Is the formation of a granuloma Th1 or Th2?

A

Th1

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13
Q

IL-12 promotes Th1 or Th2?

A

Th1

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14
Q

All histiocytes and macrophages have what CD?

A

CD1

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15
Q

What is the macrophage of the skin?

A

Langerhans cell

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16
Q

Why do we not see granulomas in AIDS?

A

Low CD4 count

17
Q

Does scar tissue contract?

A

No

18
Q

What happens to ejection volume when you have scar tissue in the heart?

A

Goes down

19
Q

What part of the kidney is most susceptible to ischemia?

A

Medulla

20
Q

What part of the nephron is most susceptible to hypoxia?

A
  1. Straight part of the PCT

2. Medullary segment of the thick ascending limb

21
Q

NKCC cotransporter is important for what?

A

Generating free water (takes the ions out and leaves the water) - when we block it we increase free water relative to obligated water so that ADH can act on it later; ADH can ONLY act on free water not obligated water

22
Q

What does type II pneumocyte do?

A
  1. Repair cell

2. Synthesizes surfactant

23
Q

What is the repair cell of the CNS?

A

Astrocyte

24
Q

What is the astrocyte reaction to injury?

A

Gliosis - proliferation of the astrocytes

25
Q

What is the analogous cell in the CNS to the Schwann cell?

A

Oligodendrocyte

26
Q

What causes RBC to stick together in ESR?

A

IgM - cold agglutinin (one explanation for Raynaud’s; cold inducing hypoxia in the digits)

27
Q

Which heptatitis should you associate with cryoglobulins?

A

C

28
Q

Differentiate multiple myeloma with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia?

A

MM- IgG vs. Waldenstrom’s - IgM

29
Q

What does left shift mean?

A

More than 10% immature neutrophils (bands)

30
Q

What do we look for in acute appendicitis?

A

Absolute neutrocytosis, left shift, toxic granulation

31
Q

What is toxic granulation?

A

Increased number of lysosomes - more oxygen myeloperoxidase in the case of acute inflammation

32
Q

What is edema?

A

Excess fluid in interstitial space

33
Q

Exudate vs. transudate vs. lymphedema - which one pits?

A

Transudate

34
Q

What are the 3 things that produce edema?

A

Exudate, transudate, lymphedema

35
Q

What produces transudate?

A

Decrease in oncotic pressure or increase in hydrostatic pressure

36
Q

How do we treat anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Airway

2. Subcutaneous aqueous epinephrine

37
Q

What’s the most common cause of lymphedema in the U.S.?

A

Post radical mastectomy

Goljan (21 decks)

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