19. Cardiovascular

Question 1

What does NEG (non-enzymatic glycosylation) do to basement membrane in diabetes?

Answer 1

Makes it permeable to proteins

Question 2

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 2

Weakening of the vessel wall causing an outpouching

Question 3

What is analogous to aneurysm in the lung?

Answer 3

Bronchiectasis (weakening –> outpouching)

Question 4

What is analogous to aneurysm in the GI?

Answer 4

Diverticula (weakening –> outpouching)

Question 5

Why is the abdominal aorta more common than other locations?

Answer 5

No vasovasorum below the renal arteries

Question 6

Left flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile mass?

Answer 6

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 7

Most common cause of aneurysm at the arch of the aorta?

Answer 7

Tertiary syphillis

Question 8

What does treponema infect?

Answer 8

Small vessels (e.g. vasovasorum on the aorta; this is also the mechanism of how we get painless chancres)

Question 9

What murmur do we get with aortic aneurysm?

Answer 9

Aortic regurgitation because it will be stretched by the aneurysm

Question 10

What is the number one cause of dissection?

Answer 10

HTN

Question 11

Absent pulse in left side suggests?

Answer 11

Proximal aortic dissection

Question 12

Aortic dissection commonly associated with what genetic disorder?

Answer 12

Marfan

Question 13

What’s the most common cardiac defect in Marfan’s?

Answer 13

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 14

SVC syndrome typically caused by?

Answer 14

Lung cancer tumor knocking off SVC

Question 15

Vascular malformation in trigeminal distribution?

Answer 15

Sturge-Weber

Question 16

When is spiderangioma normal?

Answer 16

Pregnant women

Question 17

What causes spiderangioma?

Answer 17

Hyperestrinism

Question 18

Men with spiderangioma?

Answer 18

Cirrhosis

Question 19

What do you do with capillary hemangioma in kids?

Answer 19

Leave it alone - will go away

Question 20

What looks like Kaposi sarcoma but is only on AIDS patients?

Answer 20

Bacillary angiomatosis from bartonella henselae - treat with sulfa drugs

Question 21

Vinyl chloride and arsenic increases risk of what cancer?

Answer 21

Angiosarcoma of liver

Question 22

Small vessel vasculitis is usually what kind of HSR?

Answer 22

Type III

Question 23

Infarctions is what kind of vasculitis?

Answer 23

Muscular arteries

Question 24

Stroke/pulseless is what kind of vasculitis?

Answer 24

Elastic arteries

Question 25

Palpable purpura is what kind of vasculitis?

Answer 25

Small vessel

Question 26

The only indications for ESR to screen?

Answer 26

Temporal arteritis

Question 27

What’s the treatment of choice for Wegener’s granulomatosis?

Answer 27

Cyclophosphamide

Question 28

Polyarteritis nodosa affects men or women more?

Answer 28

Men

Question 29

PAN associated with what virus infection?

Answer 29

HBV

Question 30

What antibody is specific for CREST?

Answer 30

Anti-centromere