19. Cardiovascular Flashcards
What does NEG (non-enzymatic glycosylation) do to basement membrane in diabetes?
Makes it permeable to proteins
What is an aneurysm?
Weakening of the vessel wall causing an outpouching
What is analogous to aneurysm in the lung?
Bronchiectasis (weakening –> outpouching)
What is analogous to aneurysm in the GI?
Diverticula (weakening –> outpouching)
Why is the abdominal aorta more common than other locations?
No vasovasorum below the renal arteries
Left flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile mass?
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Most common cause of aneurysm at the arch of the aorta?
Tertiary syphillis
What does treponema infect?
Small vessels (e.g. vasovasorum on the aorta; this is also the mechanism of how we get painless chancres)
What murmur do we get with aortic aneurysm?
Aortic regurgitation because it will be stretched by the aneurysm
What is the number one cause of dissection?
HTN
Absent pulse in left side suggests?
Proximal aortic dissection
Aortic dissection commonly associated with what genetic disorder?
Marfan
What’s the most common cardiac defect in Marfan’s?
Mitral valve prolapse
SVC syndrome typically caused by?
Lung cancer tumor knocking off SVC
Vascular malformation in trigeminal distribution?
Sturge-Weber
When is spiderangioma normal?
Pregnant women
What causes spiderangioma?
Hyperestrinism
Men with spiderangioma?
Cirrhosis
What do you do with capillary hemangioma in kids?
Leave it alone - will go away
What looks like Kaposi sarcoma but is only on AIDS patients?
Bacillary angiomatosis from bartonella henselae - treat with sulfa drugs
Vinyl chloride and arsenic increases risk of what cancer?
Angiosarcoma of liver
Small vessel vasculitis is usually what kind of HSR?
Type III
Infarctions is what kind of vasculitis?
Muscular arteries
Stroke/pulseless is what kind of vasculitis?
Elastic arteries
Palpable purpura is what kind of vasculitis?
Small vessel
The only indications for ESR to screen?
Temporal arteritis
What’s the treatment of choice for Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Cyclophosphamide
Polyarteritis nodosa affects men or women more?
Men
PAN associated with what virus infection?
HBV
What antibody is specific for CREST?
Anti-centromere
