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[Psychology of Personality] > 9: Bandura - Social Learning > Flashcards

9: Bandura - Social Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

first book published by Bandura in collaboration with his first graduate student, Richard Walters

A

Adolescent Aggression

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2
Q

Bandura’s concept that while environment causes behavior, behavior causes environment as well

A

reciprocal determinism

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3
Q

Bandura’s study in which he showed a film of a woman beating up a clown doll to kindergarteners and observed them imitating the behaviors in a play room

A

bobo doll studies

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4
Q

Bandura’s theory concerning the phenomenon of observational learning / modeling

A

social learning theory

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5
Q

AKA modeling - changing your behavior based on observations of others, without needing to be rewarded for approximations of that behavior

A

observational learning

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6
Q

step 1 of modeling process - level of focus on the model that determines how much you will observationally learn from it (less if you are distracted/sleepy, more if model is colorful/attractive, etc.)

A

attention

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7
Q

step 2 of modeling process - ability to remember model (storing model through mental images, verbal descriptions)

A

retention

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8
Q

step 3 of modeling process - ability to translate mental images of model’s behavior into your own actual behavior (act on them)

A

reproduction

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9
Q

step 4 of modeling process - desire to imitate a model’s behavior, reason for doing so (past reinforcement, promised reinforcement, vicarious reinforcement)

A

motivation

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10
Q

form of motivation that aligns with traditional behaviorism, in which you are motivated to imitate a model because you have been rewarded for it previously

A

past reinforcement

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11
Q

form of motivation based on potential rewards that we can imagine (incentives)

A

promised reinforcement

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12
Q

form of motivation based on seeing and recalling a model being rewarded for the behavior

A

vicarious reinforcement

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13
Q

form of negative motivation in which you are discouraged from imitating a behavior because you have been punished for it previously

A

past punishment

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14
Q

form of negative motivation based on potential punishment that we can imagine (threats)

A

promised punishment

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15
Q

form of negative motivation based on seeing and recalling a model being punished for the behavior

A

vicarious punishment

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16
Q

Bandura’s term for our ability to control our own behavior, the other “workhorse” of human personality

A

self-regulation

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17
Q

step 1 of self-regulation - looking at yourself and your behavior, keeping tabs on it

A

self-observation

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18
Q

step 2 of self-regulation - comparing our behavior to standards of behavior (etiquette, peers, personal goals)

A

judgment

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19
Q

step 3 of self-regulation - reaction to whether we did well or poorly based on our standards (ex. rewarding yourself with ice cream for succeeding, feeling shame/guilt for failing)

A

self-response

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20
Q

AKA self-esteem - whether or not you have a positive or negative view of yourself based on punishments/rewards and your own self-assessment

A

self-concept

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21
Q

result of excessive self-punishment - making up for it with a superiority complex, delusions of grandeur, etc.

A

compensation

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22
Q

result of excessive self-punishment - reacting with apathy, boredom, depression

A

inactivity

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23
Q

result of excessive self-punishment - covering it up with drugs/alcohol, excessive fantasy, or even suicide

A

escape

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24
Q

Bandura’s first recommendation for people with low self-esteem - ensuring you understand yourself and have an accurate picture of your behavior

A

regarding self-observation

25
Q

Bandura’s second recommendation for people with low self-esteem - ensuring your self-expectations aren’t too high and setting you up for failure, or too low and not allowing for growth

A

regarding standards

26
Q

Bandura’s third recommendation for people with low self-esteem - ensuring you use self-rewards and not self-punishments, celebrating victories rather than dwelling on failures

A

regarding self-response

27
Q

form of therapy built on Bandura’s concept of self-regulation - useful for addressing relatively simple problems of habit

A

self-control therapy

28
Q

step 1 of self-control therapy - keeping close tabs on your behavior, both before you begin treatment and after

A

behavioral charts

29
Q

form of behavioral chart in which you keep track of the details of your behavior on a daily basis to observe changes, cues, etc.

A

behavioral diary

30
Q

step 2 of self-control therapy - altering your environment based on behavioral charts to minimize cues for problem behaviors, and allow the right cues for alternative behaviors

A

environmental planning

31
Q

step 3 of self-control therapy - arranging to reward yourself when you adhere to your plan and possibly punish yourself when you do not (should be spelled out explicitly and witnessed by others)

A

self-contracts

32
Q

Bandura’s most famous form of therapy - allowing someone with a psychological disorder to observe someone dealing with the same issues in a more productive manner, encouraging observational learning

A

modeling therapy

33
Q

people with a neurotic fear of snakes, on whom Bandura conducted his original research for modeling therapy

A

herpephobics

34
Q

behavior that induces failure, in which people put off projects and responsibilities rather than addressing / working on them

A

procrastination

35
Q

behavior that induces failure, in which people choose to work in ways that make it difficult to succeed

A

self-handicapping

36
Q

an individual’s tools for self-regulation

A

self-system

37
Q

words that signify objects in the environment, used to guide behavior

A

verbal representation

38
Q

mental images conjured by a person that resemble objects in the environment, used to guide behavior

A

imaginal representation

39
Q

a learned behavior resurfacing by watching a model perform that behavior

A

response facilitation

40
Q

active process of exploring, manipulating, and influencing one’s environment in order to obtain desired outcomes (self-efficacy, collective efficacy, proxy agents)

A

human agency

41
Q

beliefs that one can or cannot produce certain behaviors

A

efficacy expectations

42
Q

term for building, short-term goals used by people with high self-efficacy in pursuit of their ultimate distal goal

A

proximal goals

43
Q

term for a long-term goal that people with high self-efficacy work towards through proximal goals

A

distal goal

44
Q

a source of self-efficacy - successes breed feelings of competence (with high self-efficacy, this isn’t dampened by failures)

A

performance accomplishments

45
Q

a source of self-efficacy - motivation received from others’ words (ridicule, criticism etc. reduces self-efficacy)

A

verbal persuasions

46
Q

a source of self-efficacy - seeing someone else succeed at something improves self-efficacy (modeling)

A

vicarious experiences

47
Q

a source of self-efficacy - level of emotional/physical reactivity (panic generates feelings of failure, relaxation generates feelings of success)

A

states of arousal

48
Q

belief in whether or not an outcome will occur once a behavior is completed - relates to self-efficacy

A

outcome expectations

49
Q

future consequences people adopt from observing others in the environment

A

vicarious expectations

50
Q

second mode of human agency - idea that in collaboration with others, we can overcome individual/group issues and achieve difficult goals

A

collective efficacy

51
Q

third mode of human agency - any method of acquiring a goal without actually performing the task

A

proxy agent

52
Q

concept defined by doing no harm to others and proactively helping others, actions which are not automated

A

moral agency

53
Q

Bandura’s term for removing yourself from the consequences of your actions or inactions as a means of justifying them

A

disengagement of internal control

54
Q

failure to regulate one’s own behavior to live up to high moral standards (ex. cheating because “well, everyone does it”)

A

moral disengagement

55
Q

redefining an immoral behavior by attempting to explain it as morally justified

A

moral justification

56
Q

redefining an immoral behavior by comparing it to the behaviors of others (“___ has done worse things”)

A

palliative comparisons

57
Q

redefining an immoral behavior by using terms with lesser emotional connotations (ex. calling genocide the “final solution”)

A

euphemistic labeling

58
Q

therapy procedure in which models show study participants how to successfully tolerate increasingly threatening interactions with dreaded things and guide participants through them until they overcome fear

A

guided participation modeling

59
Q

therapy procedure in which individuals watch themselves behave in a situationally-appropriate manner via video and then show same behaviors later on

A

self-modeling

[Psychology of Personality] (14 decks)

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