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Psychology of Personality > 2: Freud - Psychoanalytic Approach > Flashcards

2: Freud - Psychoanalytic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Breuer’s term for a condition now called conversion disorder - having symptoms that appear to be physical but are not

A

hysteria

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2
Q

once-popular belief that “no other forces than the common physical-chemical ones are active within the organism”

A

reductionism

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3
Q

psychoanalytic term for what you are aware of at any particular moment - your present perceptions, memories, thoughts,
fantasies, feelings, etc.

A

conscious mind

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4
Q

psychoanalytic term for anything that can easily be made conscious - memories you are not currently thinking about but can readily bring to mind

A

preconscious

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5
Q

psychoanalytic term for everything that is not easily available to awareness, including drives/instincts, traumatic memories and emotions - source of motivations, sexual desire, neurotic compulsions

A

unconscious

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6
Q

part of the mind in which the primary process takes place - where innate biological impulses manifest

A

id

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7
Q

unconscious motivational forces derived from biological needs (“Triebe” in German, called “wishes” by Freud)

A

instincts/drives

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8
Q

the translation from biological needs to instincts/drives within the id

A

primary process

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9
Q

biological demand to take care of needs immediately (ex. an infant crying for food)

A

pleasure principle

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10
Q

part of the mind that relates the organism to its consciousness and searches for objects/means to satisfy the wishes that the id creates

A

ego

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11
Q

the translation from instincts/drives into a conscious effort to satisfy those wishes within the ego

A

secondary process

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12
Q

biological command to take care of a need as soon as an appropriate object is found

A

reality principle

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13
Q

part of the mind that serves as a record of things to avoid and strategies to take to attain needs/goals - contains conscience and ego ideal - communicates emotions like pride, shame, guilt

A

superego

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14
Q

part of the superego - an internalization of punishments and warnings

A

conscience

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15
Q

part of the superego - derived from rewards and positive models presented to the child

A

ego ideal

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16
Q

Freud’s initial term for the neurological representations of physical needs - perpetuate the life of the individual and species

A

life instincts

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17
Q

motivational energy of life instincts that powers us - Latin for “I desire”, now synonymous with “sex drive”

A

libido

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18
Q

Freud’s belief that every person has an unconscious wish to die in order to “satisfy all needs”

A

death instinct

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19
Q

Freudian principle closely related to the death instinct - refers to Buddhist idea that the goal of all of life is to achieve non-existence, nothingness, void

A

nirvana principle

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20
Q

feeling that signals to the ego that its survival, and that of the entire organism, is in jeopardy - feeling threatened and overwhelmed

A

anxiety

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21
Q

fear as a result of a plausible threat (ex. being surrounded by sharks)

A

realistic anxiety

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22
Q

fear from threats to the superego - fear of experiencing shame, guilt, and punishment

A

moral anxiety

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23
Q

fear of being overwhelmed by impulses from id - “losing control”

A

neurotic anxiety

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24
Q

ego’s attempts to protect itself from negative impulses / anxieties by unconsciously blocking them or distorting them into a more accessible, less threatening form

A

ego defense mechanisms

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25
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves blocking external events from awareness if they are too difficult to handle

A

denial

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26
Q

Anna Freud’s concept of children using their imagination to make troubling situations more comfortable (ex. portraying a helpless child as a powerful superhero)

A

denial in fantasy

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27
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves simply being unable to recall a threatening situation - “motivated forgetting”

A

repression

28
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves renouncing and denying needs/desires if they cause distress or shame (ex. anorexia)

A

asceticism

29
Q

milder version of asceticism that involves losing interest in some aspect of life and directing it elsewhere if it causes distress or shame (ex. quitting a sports team for fear of humiliation)

A

restriction of ego

30
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves stripping the emotion from a difficult memory or threatening impulse - should be a big deal but treated as if it’s not

A

isolation

31
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting an impulse onto a substitute target that is less distressing or threatening (ex. repressed hatred of an abusive mother leads to a hatred of all women)

A

displacement

32
Q

form of displacement in which the person themself becomes their own substitute target - cause for feelings like inferiority, guilt, depression

A

turning against the self

33
Q

form of displacement that is the opposite of turning against the self - tendency to see your own troubling desires/impulses in other people and criticize them for it

A

projection

34
Q

form of projection in which a person attempts to fulfill their own needs vicariously through other people (ex. a single friend who shows great interest in others’ relationships)

A

altruistic surrender

35
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves changing an unacceptable impulse into its opposite (ex. claiming to love unequivocally an abusive parent)

A

reaction formation

36
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves “magical” gestures or rituals intended to cancel out distressing thoughts and impulses - also includes seeking atonement or forgiveness for behavior

A

undoing

37
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves taking into your personality characteristics of someone else, because doing so solves emotional difficulty or insecurity (ex. teenager imitating popular peers)

A

introjection

38
Q

form of introjection that involves adopting traits that are negative or feared in another person (ex. a bullied child acting more like the bully to fight them off)

A

identification with the aggressor

39
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves moving backwards in psychological time to cope with stress - adopting childlike or immature traits when troubled or frightened, trying to return to last point in which you felt secure

A

regression

40
Q

ego defense mechanism that involves cognitive distortion of facts to make an event of impulse feel less threatening - believing your own lies

A

rationalization

41
Q

the one “positive” kind of rationalization defense (according to Freud) - transforming of an unacceptable impulse into an acceptable or productive form (ex. a physically aggressive person becoming a football player)

A

sublimation

42
Q

different parts of our skin that provide pleasure

A

erogenous zones

43
Q

first psychosexual stage, lasting from birth to about 18 months - focus of pleasure is the mouth (sucking, biting)

A

oral stage

44
Q

second psychosexual stage, lasting from about 18 months to 3-4 years old - focus of pleasure is anus (yes this means shitting, I don’t get it)

A

anal stage

45
Q

third psychosexual stage, lasting from about 3-4 to 5-7 years old - focus of pleasure is genitalia (touching)

A

phallic stage

46
Q

fourth psychosexual stage, lasting from 5-7 to around 12 years old (puberty) - sexual impulse is repressed in service of learning

A

latent stage

47
Q

fifth psychosexual stage, beginning at puberty - resurgence of sexual drive in adolescence, focus of pleasure is sexual intercourse

A

genital stage

48
Q

Freudian concept that the son, in the phallic stage, has a sexual attitude towards his mother (desire for attention, affection, touch) and resents his father for being closer to her

A

Oedipal crisis

49
Q

Freudian concept for a male child’s fear of losing his penis due to associating it with power and questioning why girls do not have one

A

castration anxiety

50
Q

Freudian concept that a female child, in the phallic stage, translates her sexual attitude from her mother towards her father due to wishing for a penis, interpreting it as a symbol of power

A

penis envy

51
Q

Freudian concept of retaining certain infantile or childish habits due to having difficulties with a task at one of the psychosexual stages

A

fixation

52
Q

fixation derived from difficulty with sucking during oral stage - tendency to be dependent on others and interest in other “oral gratifications” (eating, drinking, smoking)

A

oral-passive character

53
Q

fixation derived from difficulty during teething stage and early weaning - tendency to be verbally aggressive and argumentative, with a lifelong desire to bite things

A

oral-aggressive personality

54
Q

fixation derived from parents being at the child’s mercy during potty training, unable to adequately control them - tendency to be sloppy, disorganized, cruel, destructive

A

anal expulsive personality

55
Q

fixation derived from parents being overly strict during potty training, using punishment and humiliation - tendency to be especially clean, perfectionistic, dictatorial, stubborn, stingy

A

anal retentive personality

56
Q

unnamed personality types derived from fixation in phallic stage - if a boy is rejected by his mother or a girl rejected by her father, they are likely to feel poorly about their sexual self-worth - if a boy is favored by his mother or a girl by her father, they will be vain and self-centered

A

phallic personalities

57
Q

aspect of Freud’s therapy - client must feel free to express anything without judgment or ostracism

A

relaxed atmosphere

58
Q

aspect of Freud’s therapy - client is able to talk about anything at all, and through relaxation techniques, unconscious thoughts will inevitably drift to the forefront

A

free association

59
Q

aspect of Freud’s therapy - when a client avoids therapy in some way (draws a blank, arrives late, falls asleep) it serves as a cue that they are nearing something in their unconscious that is threatening

A

resistance

60
Q

aspect of Freud’s therapy - looking for symbolic expressions of the unconscious in dreams, usually interpreting sexual meanings from them

A

dream analysis

61
Q

aspect of Freud’s therapy - a slip of the tongue that serves as a cue to unconscious conflicts (AKA a Freudian slip)

A

parapraxes

62
Q

tests that provide a vague stimulus which client fills with their own unconscious feelings (ex. Rorschach test)

A

projective tests

63
Q

when a client projects feelings toward the therapist that more legitimately belong with certain others (ex. expressing your rage at someone as if the therapist is that person)

A

transference

64
Q

sudden and dramatic outpouring of emotion that occurs when trauma is resurrected

A

catharsis

65
Q

being aware of the source of a negative emotion (the original traumatic event)

A

insight

66
Q

form of identification with the aggressor, derived from a specific hostage situation in which the hostages became sympathetic of their captors - victim gradually identifying themselves with perpetrator

A

Stockholm syndrome

Psychology of Personality (13 decks)

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