9/5c Anatomical Systems Part II Flashcards
Impairments of the NS
- Parasthesia - pins and needles, odd feeling
- Diminished - lost sensation
- Weakness
- Pain
- Movement Dysfunction
- Change in Deep Tendon Response - DTR (need afferent and efferent nerves to be working to generate DTR) KNEE TAP Test
Causes of impairment of NS
Pressure Ischemia Metabolic/Chemical Changes Disease Trauma (compression, traction, severance)
Dendrite location
sensory dendrites - outside of spinal cord
motor dendrites - within spinal cord
Reflexes**
in a normal body, CNS puts a slight inhibition on the reflex so movement is less exaggerated.
- CNS Issue: reflex would be bigger and their would be an upper motor neuron issue
- PNS Issue: reflex would be diminished because the sensation can’t be transmitted to the motor neuron and there would be a lower motor neuron issue
Define all of the following bones and their positions on the body
Cranium, vertebra, clavicle, scapula, ribs, costal cartilage, sternum, humerus, ribs, costal margins (arches), radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, phalanges, hip bones, sacrum, pubic symphysis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, phalanges
Understand the different components of the skeletal system
Axial - cranium, vertebra, ribs, sacrum
Appendicular - everything else
Cartilage
-costal cartilage - costal margins and cartilage of ribs
-articular cartilage - space in between the major joints of the body
Bone
Joints/Articular System
Don't need to know all joints, but know the following synovial joints: Pivot Ball and Socket Condyloid Plane Saddle Hinge
Important aspects to know about muscle
-Action
-Origin/insertion
-Blood supply
-Innervation
Peripheral
Spinal
Muscle Actions
I - isometric
C - concentric
E - eccentric
Myotome
peripheral nerve muscle innervation
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: shoulder shrug
C2, C3, C4
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Shoulder ABduction
C5
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Elbow Flexion
C6
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Wrist Extension
C6
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Elbow Extension
C7
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Thumb Extension
C8
Myotome, Upper Quarter Screen: Finger ABduction
T1
Myotome, Lower Quarter Screen: Hip Flexion
L1, L2
Myotome, Lower Quarter Screen: Knee Extension
L3, L4
Myotome, Lower Quarter Screen: Dorsiflexion
L4, L5
Myotome, Lower Quarter Screen: Great Toe Extension
L5
Myotome, Lower Quarter Screen: Plantarflexion
S1
A patient has weakness int the triceps, what peripheral nerve (image will be given-radial), what spinal segment, what sensory change?
- Peripheral Nerve: radial
- Spinal Segment: C7
- Sensory Changes: radial nerve has sensory representation on the top of the hand and C7 spinal nerve has effects on the middle finger
Reasons for muscle impairment
Peripheral nerve involvement (spinal, peripheral)
CNS Function (motor control, central inhibition - so much pain in a joint that voluntary movement is impossible)
Disuse
Injury/Mechanical Issues
Disease
Ischemia (cramping, no function, pain - heart attack)
Signs for muscle impairment
Weakness (force production, endurance, power)
Decreased Control
Muscle Atrophy
Pain/Tenderness
Clinical assessment for muscle impairment
- sensory testing - look for dermatomal distro of symptoms, peripheral cutaneous
- muscle testing - look for myotomal pattern of weakness, associated with the peripheral nerve
EX: - move muscles that are below where the muscle is to make sure the nerve is active
- look up what nerve it could be
- ensure blood circulation by checking the color of the skin and check for cap refill
- figure out how much trauma was imparted on the muscle
symptoms of peripheral circulatory impairment
- changes in skin color quality
- pain (ischemic pain using muscles, general pain in area)
- swelling
- absent or decreased pulses
