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PT605 > 9/4c Intro to Muscle Performance > Flashcards

9/4c Intro to Muscle Performance Flashcards

1
Q

what composes muscle perf?

A

strength

muscle activity

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2
Q

define strength

A

maximal force a muscle or muscle group can generate at a specified or determined velocity

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3
Q

define muscle activity

A

found using electromyography (EMG)

strength testing does NOT measure muscle activity

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4
Q

Why do we test muscle strength?****

A

using strength/muscle testing is part of every aspect of the APTA management model

-measure at IE and systematically remeasure to make sure we’re making the right decisions as clincians

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5
Q

Approaches to strength testing

A
  • Isotonic: 1-RM
  • Isokinetic: Dynamometer
  • Isometric: MMT, Dynamometer, Hand Held Device (HHD)
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6
Q

MMT

A

Manual Muscle Testing

  • a system of measurement using manually applied resistance to determine the strength of a muscle
  • gravity based
  • quantifies muscle strength
  • reliability adequate
  • ordinal measurement scale (6 points)
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7
Q

Normal

A
  • N/5
  • able to move through the full available range of motion
  • against gravity
  • able to hold against MAX resistance
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8
Q

Good

A
  • G/4
  • able to move through full available range of motion
  • against gravity
  • able to hold against MOD resistance
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9
Q

Fair +

A
  • F+/3+
  • able to move through full available range of motion
  • against gravity
  • able to hold against MIN resistance
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10
Q

**Fair

A
  • F/3
  • able to move through full available range of motion
  • against gravity
  • NO manual resistance (patient doesn’t accept ANY resistance)
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11
Q

Fair -

A
  • F-/3-
  • able to move through more than half available range of motion
  • against gravity
  • NO manual resistance
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12
Q

Poor +

A
  • P+/2+
  • able to move through less than half available range ofmotion
  • against gravity
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13
Q

Poor

A
  • P/2
  • move through the full available range
  • gravity minimized
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14
Q

Poor -

A
  • P-/2-
  • move through partial range
  • gravity minimized
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15
Q

Trace

A
  • T/1
  • no joint motion
  • gravity minimized
  • muscle contraction palpable/observable
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16
Q

Zero

A
  • 0

- no observable/palpable muscle contraction

17
Q

***Gravity based system

A

gravity minimized position, side lying allows for gravity to take over

18
Q

procedure for MMT

A
  1. explain purpose to patient
  2. position patient and expose part
  3. begin with fair test position (allow patient to do exercise on their own)
    - stabilize
    - palpate
    - add resistance
    - if
19
Q

Testing muscles above 3 on the scale require manual resistance. What are the two possible tests?

A
  1. Break test - PT pushes as hard as they can until the patient breaks their position
  2. Make test - Patient has to push as hard as they can into the PT’s hand until they make a force big enough to break the PT’s position
20
Q

**99% of the time which MMT test for a patient performing above 3 on the scale is necessary?

A

Break test, because it yields much higher force output from the patient than the make test

21
Q

*****when testing strength what are other key factors?

A

-operational definitil
-function of age, size, gender
-symmetry
-substitution/compensation
-pain: **Ensure documented on visual analog scale
-Motivation
Decreased ROM

22
Q

Special Grades that don’t need these scales now:

A

fingers, toes, facial muscles, trunk, weight bearing muscles

23
Q

**MMT Validity

A
  • Grades above 4 - not strong
  • Grades BELOW 4 - STRONG
  • Variable depending on: muscle tested, experience/edu of tester, and patient’s motivation, understanding and fatigue
24
Q

*****MMT Reliability

A
  • INTRArater - reliability is good (same person on same person)
  • ITERrater - reliability is fait/good (one person on another)
  • standardized methods are required
  • in general grades >=4 are less reliable
25
Q

**Errors affecting reliability of MMT

A
  • submax contractions
  • substitution/compensation
  • report of wrong side
26
Q

*****Strengths of MMT

A

Strengths - always available, inexpensive, useful for individual muscles
Weaknesses - imprecise, reliability, ceiling effects

PT605 (34 decks)

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