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VET413 Infectious + Immunology > 9+10 Enteric Bacteria > Flashcards

9+10 Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Enterobacteriaceae are G- rods.

A

True

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2
Q

What are two major enteric and systemic pathogens from family enterobacteriaceae?

A

E. coli
Salmonella spp.

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3
Q

_______ are important opportunistic pathogens from family enterobacteriaceae.

A

Klebsiella spp.

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4
Q

E. coli (is/is not) lactose fermenting and will appear _____ on MacConkey agar.

A

Is; pink

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5
Q

Salmonella spp. (are/are not) lactose fermenting and will appear ______ on MacConkey agar.

A

Are not; colorless to grey

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6
Q

E. coli is gram (+/-) and is a _______ anaerobe.

A

G-; facultative anaerobe.

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7
Q

What is the difference between an endogenous and an exogenous E. coli infection?

A

Endogenous infections are from the animal’s normal flora; exogenous infections are from the ingestion of contaminated food/water.

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8
Q

What is the function of an enterotoxin?

A

To deregulate water and electrolyte secretion from affected host cells.

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9
Q

What are the names of the three clinical presentations of coliobacillosis?

A
  1. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
  2. Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
  3. Enteroinvasive/extraintestinal (EIEC)
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10
Q

What is the causitive agent of edema disease in postweaning pigs?

A

E. coli (ETEC)

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11
Q

What species are the greatest concern for ETEC infection?

A

Neonatal pigs, lambs, calves

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12
Q

What type of diarrhea does ETEC cause?

A

Secretory

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13
Q

Histologically, what will an intestinal ETEC infection look like?

A

Morphologically normal epithelial cells.

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14
Q

What is the method of virulence in ETEC?

A

Colonization and toxin secretion

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15
Q

What are the species likely to present with EPEC infection?

A

Pigs, dogs, rabbits, cats, calves

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16
Q

What type E. coli produces shiga toxin?

A

EPEC

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17
Q

What is the method of virulence in EPEC?

A

Attachment and effacement

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18
Q

What type of diarrhea does EPEC cause?

A

Malabsorption (epithelial cells so damaged they cannot absorb)

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19
Q

What will an EPEC infection look like histologically?

A

Degenerating enterocytes

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20
Q

What species are affected by EIEC?

A

All of them

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21
Q

What is the method of virulence in EIEC?

A

Endotoxin (LPS)

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22
Q

What type of diarrhea does EIEC cause?

A

None, because it is systemic or extraintestinal

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23
Q

What strains are responsible for ETEC?

A

K99 and F5

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24
Q

What demographics of poultry are colibacillocis most commonly observed in?

A
  1. Embryos/neonates
  2. Older birds
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25
Q

T or F: you can vaccinate animals against virulent E. coli during pregnancy.

A

T

26
Q

Salmonella are gram (+/-) and are (rods/cocci).

A

G-, rods.

27
Q

What are the two major species of salmonella?

A

S. bongori and S. enterica

28
Q

T or F: Salmonella infection is always symptomatic.

A

F; it is commonly asymptomatic

29
Q

Which causes more severe disease, adapted or non-adapted serotypes of Salmonella?

A

Adapted

30
Q

What kind of cells do Salmonella adhere to in the intestine?

A

M cells and epithelial cells

31
Q

After adhering, how do Salmonella get inside of intestinal cells?

A

Injection of secretion system effectors and internalization

32
Q

Where within an intestinal cell does Salmonella replicate?

A

Lysosome

33
Q

Does Salmonella kill the cells that it infects?

A

Yes, it eventually causes apoptosis or necrosis

34
Q

What are the two main clinical forms of salmonellosis?

A

Enteric salmonellosis
Systemic salmonellosis

35
Q

What species and ages are most commonly affected by enteric salmonellosis?

A

Farm animals of all ages

36
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with acute enteric salmonellosis?

A

Fever, depression, anorexia, diarrhea (+/- blood, mucus, fibrin casts)

37
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with chronic enteric salmonellosis?

A

Intermittent fever, soft stool, gradual weight loss

38
Q

On necropsy, what will you see with an enteric Salmonella infection?

A

Evidence of diarrhea
Fibrinonecrotic enteritis/colitis
Enlarged mesenteric LNs
Enlarged liver
Intestinal button ulcers

39
Q

What species and ages are most commonly affected by systemic salmonellosis?

A

Farm animals, usually neonates <4 weeks

40
Q

T or F: Salmonella does not cause abortion.

A

F, some strains of Salmonella and systemic salmonellosis can cause abortion

41
Q

On necropsy, what will you see with a systemic Salmonella infection?

A

Enlarged liver
Enlarged spleen
Serosal or adrenal hemorrhage
Cholecystitis
Icterus

42
Q

What are the types of salmonellosis in poultry?

A

Paratyphoid
Pullorum disease
Typhoid

43
Q

What serovars(s) of Salmonella cause paratyphoid salmonellosis in poultry?

A

Enteritidis and Typhimurium

44
Q

What age of chickens tend to be affected by paratyphoid salmonellosis?

A

Young chicks <2 weeks

45
Q

What is the primary clinical consequence of paratyphoid salmonellosis?

A

Septicemia

46
Q

What serovar(s) of Salmonella cause Pullorum disease?

A

Salmonella Pullorum

47
Q

T or F: Pullorum disease is common in North America

A

False

48
Q

What type of poultry are most likely to be affected by Pullorum disease or Typhoid salmonellosis?

A

Backyard poultry

49
Q

What is the primary clinical consequence of Pullorum disease?

A

Septicemia

50
Q

How is Pullorum disease spread?

A

Ova of turkey and chicken are infected and the infection spreads when affected eggs hatch

51
Q

What serovar(s) of Salmonella cause typhoid salmonellosis?

A

Gallinarum

52
Q

Typhoid salmonellosis is a _______ (chronic/acute) disease process.

A

Chronic

53
Q

What is the primary clinical consequence of typhoid salmonellosis?

A

Septicemia

54
Q

What do Klebsiella colonies look like?

A

Mucoid (like snot!)

55
Q

Does Klebsiella have a capsule?

A

Yes

56
Q

What types of toxins do Klebsiella produce?

A

Endotoxin and enterotoxin

57
Q

Klebsiella causes what kind of disease(s) in cows?

A

Bovine mastitis

58
Q

Klebsiella causes what kind of disease(s) in horses?

A

Septicemia, reproductive tract disease, and navel ill

59
Q

Klebsiella causes what kind of disease(s) in reptiles and some wildlife?

A

Septicemia, hypopion, and pneumonia

60
Q

According to the Kauffman-White serotyping scheme, what antigens are present on Salmonella spp?

A

O antigen (LPS)
H antigen (flagella)
K antigen (capsule)

VET413 Infectious + Immunology (26 decks)

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