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VET413 Infectious + Immunology > 12 Trematodes + Acanthocephalans > Flashcards

12 Trematodes + Acanthocephalans Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of trematodes?

A

-Nonsegmented flat worms
-Ventral and oral suckers
-No body cavity
-Blind ended GI tract
-Often hermaphroditic

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2
Q

Schistomes are _______(hermaphroditic/separate sexes).

A

Separate sexes

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3
Q

Where in the body do schistosomes live?

A

Intravascular

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4
Q

What lesions do Fasciola hepatica cause?

A

Severe periportal fibrosis and cholangiohepatitis

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5
Q

What kind of parasites are in order Digenea?

A

Flukes/trematodes

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6
Q

Describe the life cycle of a digeneic trematode.

A

Adult lays egg –> egg hatches to free swimming miracidium –> sporocyst forms in aquatic snail –> asexual repro in the snail to form daughter sporocysts–> motile cercaria leaves snail –> metacercaria encysts on vegetation OR in second intermediate host waiting to be ingested by host

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7
Q

What kinds of animals are affected by digenean trematodes?

A

Bird and terrestrial vertebrates

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8
Q

Monogenean trematodes affect what kind of animals?

A

Fish, amphibians, aquatic vertebrates

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9
Q

Fasciola hepatica thrives in _______ (wet/dry) environments.

A

Wet

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10
Q

What species are affected by Fasciola hepatica, and where do the adult trematodes live in the host?

A

Ruminants; bile ducts

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11
Q

How is fascioliasis diagnosed?

A

Fecal sedimentation

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of fascioliasis?

A

Weakness, anemia, diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, poor weight gain, poor milk production

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13
Q

What are the definitive and dead end hosts of Fascioloides magna?

A

Cervids (deer) –> definitive
Ruminants –> dead end

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14
Q

What species and organ do Paramphistomum spp affect?

A

Rumen fluke of ruminants

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15
Q

T or F: Paramphistomum spp are highly pathogenic and will always cause disease.

A

F, adults usually don’t cause disease unless there is a heavy burden that causes diarrhea/enteritis

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16
Q

How can fluke infestations be controlled around domestic animals?

A

Ducks can eat mollusks
Dry the pasture
Molluskicides are quite toxic and may poison vertebrates

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17
Q

What is the causitive agent of salmon poisoning disease in dogs?

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

18
Q

What is the causitive agent of Potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

19
Q

What is the name of the fluke that carries salmon poisoning disease, and is the fluke pathogenic?

A

Nanophyteus salmincola; not pathogenic

20
Q

What are the clinical signs and lesions of salmon poisoning disease?

A

-Fever 5-7 days after ingestion
-Dehydration, anorexia
-Vomiting, diarrhea
-Hemorrhagic enteritis
-Lymphadenomegaly

21
Q

What intermediate host(s) do Nanophyteus salmincola use?

A

1st – snail
2nd – fish

22
Q

How is salmon poisoning disease treated?

A

Tetracyclines and supportive care

23
Q

T or F: If a dog is showing clinical signs of salmon poisoning disease, you should be able to diagnose the fluke via fecal sedimentation prior to treatment.

A

F; usually symptoms start before the eggs appear in the feces. If you suspect salmon poisoning, treat it even without presence of eggs

24
Q

What is another name for Potomac horse fever?

A

Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of Potomac horse fever?

A

VARIED
-Diarrhea
-Dehydration
-Colic
-Fever
-Depression

26
Q

How is Potomac horse fever prevented?

A

Vaccination

27
Q

How is Potomac horse fever diagnosed?

A

PCR or IFA serology assay

28
Q

What is the definitive host of the parasite that carries Neorickettsia risticii?

A

Bats

29
Q

What species and organ do Paragonimus kellicoti affect?

A

Terrestrial carnivores; lungs

30
Q

What intermediate host(s) do Paragonimus kellicoti use?

A

1st – snail
2nd – crayfish

31
Q

What are the lesions and clinical signs of pulmonary flukes of carnivores?

A

Multifocal pneumonia, bronchiectasis, intermittent coughing

32
Q

How do Schistosomes cause disease?

A

Egg emboli in tissues

33
Q

Where are adult Heterobilzharia americana found?

A

Mesenteric or portal veins

34
Q

What lesions do Heterobilzharia americana cause?

A

Multifocal fibrosis and portal granulomas

35
Q

What is the common name for cercarial dermatitis in humans?

A

Swimmer’s itch

36
Q

What organism (general type, not scientific name) causes swimmer’s itch?

A

Schistosomes of bird

37
Q

What are the characteristic of acanthocephalans?

A

-Nonsegmented body
-Armed rostellum
-Lack GI tract
-Separate sexes

38
Q

What intermediate hosts do acanthocephalans use?

A

Arthropods

39
Q

What domestic species can acanthocephalans affect, and how frequent are infections?

A

Dogs, cats, pigs; rare

40
Q

Where in the body to acanthocephalans live, and how can they cause disease?

A

Small intestine; can cause peritonitis via gut perforation

VET413 Infectious + Immunology (26 decks)

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