52 Coronaviruses Flashcards
Where do coronaviruses typically cause disease?
GI tract, respiratory tract, systemic
In veterinary species, what are two important coronaviruses that can potentially become systemic?
Feline coronavirus and ferret systemic coronavirus
T or F: Ferret enteric coronavirus and ferret systemic coronavirus are the same thing, just different forms of disease.
F–two different viruses
What kind of genome do coronaviruses have?
ssRNA
Coronaviruses are/are not enveloped
Are
What anatomic part of the intestines do enteric coronavirus infections target?
The tip of the villi
How are enteric coronaviruses transmitted?
Fecal-oral
How are respiratory coronavirus infections spread?
Direct contact or aerosol
What important coronaviruses are important in pigs?
-Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
-Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
-Porcine respiratory coronavirus
What kind of disease does bovine coronaviruses cause?
Calf diarrhea and sporadic respiratory disease (component of shipping fever)
How is bovine coronavirus shed?
Fecal and nasal
What kind of disease does equine coronavirus cause?
Enteric disease, can cause neuro signs
What species does infectious bronchitis virus affect?
Poultry
T or F: canine enteric coronavirus causes severe clinical disease.
F; self limiting diarrhea
What common canine disease is associated with canine respiratory coronavirus?
Kennel cough
What does canine respiratory coronavirus do to the respiratory epithelium?
Destroys the mucociliary elevator in the trachea/mainstem bronchi
What disease is ferret systemic coronavirus very similar to?
FIP
T or F: Infection with feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) can lead to feline infectious peritonitis.
T
What effect does feline enteric coronavirus have?
Targets the top of the villus of enterocytes, causing mild to inapparent enteritis
What kind of cell does FIP infect?
Macrophages
What environment has the highest occurance of FIP?
Indoor multicat households
T or F: FIP causes a high viremia.
F; viremia is transient to undetectable
What type of immune response is necessary to eliminate FIP viruses?
Strong cell mediated immunity
Briefly describe wet FIP.
Result of leaky vessels (vasculitis); causes fibrinous abdominal or thoracic exudate
Briefly describe dry FIP.
Pyogranulomatous lesions in the omentum, mesenteric LNs, kidney, CNS, and eye.
What is ADEE, and why is it important in FIP?
Antibody-dependent disease enhancement. Antibody binds to Fc receptors, which speeds up viral uptake by macrophages
T or F: dry FIP does not affect the CNS.
F; it causes meningitis and ependymitis, and ventricular dilation
FIP effusion is (high/low) protein and (high/low) cellularity.
High; low
T or F: serology can confirm FIP infection.
F; positive serology means exposure to ANY coronavirus
