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302 MEDIMAGE > 8a. MSK HAL - Acland Videos > Flashcards

8a. MSK HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards

1
Q

the scapula and clavicle articulate with the bones of the thorax and what point

A

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with what part of the scapula and what joint does it form

A

the acromion, forming the acromio-clavicular joint

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3
Q

from above, the clavicle is what shaped

A

The clavicle from above is slightly S-shaped, with a forward curve to its medial half

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4
Q

what is the glenoid fossa

A

The glenoid fossa is the articular surface for the shoulder joint

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5
Q

what is above and below the glenoid fossa and what do these 2 things do

A

Above and below the glenoid fossa are the supraglenoid tubercle, and the infraglenoid tubercle, where two tendons are attached

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6
Q

what is the scapula spine and where is it

A

Arises from the dorsal surface, and divides it into the supraspinous fossa, and the infraspinous fossa

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7
Q

the clavicle articulates with the scapula where

A

The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the tip of the acromion

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8
Q

what is around the edge of the glenoid fossa and what does it do

A

Round the edge of the shallow glenoid fossa, a rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoid labrum, makes the socket of the shoulder joint both wider and deeper

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9
Q

what are the 2 acromio-clavicular ligaments

A

The acromio-clavicular joint has 2 strong ligaments, the trapezoid in front and the conoid behind, that fix the underside of the clavicle to the coracoid process.

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10
Q

is there movement at the acromioclavicular joint

A

There’s very little movement at the acromioclavicular joint

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11
Q

what is the shape of the articular surface of the head of humerus

A

The articular surface of the head of humerus is half of a sphere

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12
Q

what is on the anterior aspect of the head of humerus

A

well-marked groove known as the bicipital groove, because the tendon of the long head of the biceps runs in it

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13
Q

what is at the proximal end of the bicipital groove

A

At the proximal end of the groove are the lesser tubercle, and the greater tubercle

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14
Q

where is the deltoid tuberosity

A

On the lateral aspect of the humerus, almost halfway down the bone, is the deltoid tuberosity

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15
Q

what does the capsule of the shoulder joint do

A

The capsule of the shoulder joint doesn’t hold the bones together; it’s quite a weak structure. What it does is to permit movement

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16
Q

where does the long head of the triceps tendon arise from

A

The long head of triceps tendon arises from the infraglenoid tubercle

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17
Q

where does the long head of biceps arise from and what is the path it takes

A

The long head of biceps arises from the supraglenoid tubercle, it passes inside the joint capsule and over the top of the head of the humerus

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18
Q

where does the subscapularis arise from

where does its tendon insert

A

It arises from almost all of the anterior or costal aspect of the scapula. Its tendon inserts on the lesser tubercle

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19
Q

what movements does the subscapularis allow on its own and in conjunction with the other 3 muscles

A

Subscapularis, acting alone, produces internal rotation of the humerus. Acting with the other three short muscles, it holds the humeral head and the glenoid fossa together

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20
Q

what does the supraspinatus arise from and what is its path

A

It arises from almost all the supraspinous fossa. It passes under the acromion and inserts on the greater tubercle. The tendon of supraspinatus runs through a tight spot, between the acromion and the head of the humerus.

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21
Q

what does the supraspinatus allow in terms of movement

A

Supraspinatus initiates abduction of the humerus

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22
Q

what do the infraspinatus and teres minor arise from

A

arise from almost all the infraspinous fossa

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23
Q

where does the infraspinatus insert

A

Infraspinatus inserts on the back of the greater tubercle, teres minor just below it

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24
Q

what motion does the infraspinatus and teres minor produce

A

Both these muscles produce external rotation of the humerus.

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25
Q

the rotator cuff muscles and the long head of triceps has what function

A

These tendons together with the long head of the triceps keep the head of the humerus from sliding out of its very shallow socket

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26
Q

what separates the lateral and medial condyles of the knee

A

intercondylar notch

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27
Q

what is the bony landmark above the condyles of the knee

A

Above the two condyles are the epicondyles, lateral and medial

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28
Q

what is the sharp corner on the medial epicondyle

A

The sharp corner on the medial epicondyle is the adductor tubercle

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29
Q

is there movement at the proximal, and distal tibio-fibular joints

A

There’s almost no movement at either of these joints

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30
Q

what inserts on the tibial tubercle

A

insertion of the quadriceps tendon

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31
Q

the patella is embedded in what tendon and where does this tendon insert

A

The patella is embedded within the quadriceps tendon which inserts on the tibia down here on the tibial tubercle

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32
Q

what are the knee menisci made of and what shape is the lateral and medial meniscus

A

made of flexible fibrocartilage

The lateral one is almost a circle, the medial one is more C-shaped

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33
Q

in cross section what is the thickness of the meniscus

A

In cross section, each meniscus is thick at the outer edge and thin at the inner edge

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34
Q

where are the 2 ends of the meniscus attached to in the knee and how close are the 2 ends of the medial and lateral respectively

A

The two ends of each meniscus are attached to the inter-articular area of the tibia, the medial ones far apart, the lateral ones close together

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35
Q

which meniscus of the knee is more mobile and why

A

The lateral meniscus is much more mobile than the medial one, partly because its two ends are attached close together, partly because of a big difference in the mobility of the joint capsule around the edge

36
Q

where is the anterior cruciate ligament

A

The anterior cruciate ligament goes from anterior portion of tibia, to posteriorly on the femur, on the inner aspect of the lateral condyle

37
Q

what does the anterior cruciate ligament do

A

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from moving backward in relation to the tibia

38
Q

where is the posterior cruciate ligament located

A

The posterior cruciate ligament goes from anterior of femur, to the back of the tibia

39
Q

what does the posterior cruciate ligament do

A

The posterior cruciate ligament stops the femur from moving forward on the tibia

40
Q

what side are the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments on

A

The fibular collateral ligament on the lateral side, and the tibial collateral ligament on the medial side

41
Q

where does the tibial collateral ligament attach to

A

The tibial collateral ligament goes from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia

42
Q

does the tibial collateral ligament blend with the knee joint capsule, if so where

A

The tibial collateral ligament blends with the capsule of the knee joint behind, and in front

On its inner aspect, it’s firmly attached to the edge of the medial meniscus

43
Q

where does the fibular collateral ligament attach to

A

The fibular collateral ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle of the tibia to the head of the fibula

44
Q

does the tibial collateral ligament blend with the knee joint capsule, if so where

A

The fibular collateral ligament stands out from the side of the knee joint, it doesn’t blend with the joint capsule. It’s not attached to the meniscus

45
Q

when the knee joint is extended and flexed what are the collateral ligaments like

A

When the knee joint is extended, both the collateral ligaments are tight. When it’s flexed, they become less tight

46
Q

what is the function of the collateral ligaments

A

The function of the collateral ligaments is to keep the femoral and tibial condyles together, and thus to prevent the knee joint from bending from side to side

47
Q

what is the tendon below the patella and what is it continuous with

A

The patellar ligament

On the medial side, and on the lateral side, the tendon is continuous with the capsule of the knee joint.

48
Q

what is between the quadriceps tendon and femur

A

The quadriceps bursa

49
Q

what is the quadriceps bursa lined with and what does this lining allow

A

It’s lined with synovial membrane. This lubricated pocket enables the quadriceps tendon to slide easily on the femur

50
Q

what does the thickened posterior capsule prevent

A

The thickened posterior capsule prevents hyperextension of the knee joint

51
Q

the tibia and fibula are held together by what

A

The tibia and fibula are held together throughout their length by the strong interosseous membrane.

52
Q

what kind of joints are the proximal and distal tibiofibualr joints and do they allow movement

A

The proximal tibio-fibular joint is a synovial joint, the distal one is a fibrous joint. There’s very little movement at either of these joints

53
Q

what are the tibia and fibula held together by distally

A

Distally the tibia and fibula are strongly held together by the anterior tibio-fibular ligament, and the posterior tibio-fibular ligament

54
Q

what is the bone below the talus and what is the bone infront of the talus

A

The bone below and behind the talus is the calcaneus, or heel bone. The bone in front of the talus is the navicular bone

55
Q

how many articular surfaces does the talus have and what are they

A

The talus has three articular surfaces, one on the head, and one on the underside for the two joints of inversion and eversion, and one on top for the ankle joint

56
Q

the talus joint is held together by what 2 ligaments on the lateral side

A

On the lateral side, the talus joint is held together by the posterior talo-fibular and anterior talo-fibular ligaments

57
Q

the talus joint is held together by what ligament on the medial side

A

On the medial side it’s held together by the deltoid ligament

58
Q

how tight is the capsule of the ankle joint on the front and back and what does this facilitate

A

The capsule of the ankle joint is loose on the front, and it’s also loose on the back. This looseness allows for a full range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

59
Q

what is the bone infront of the calcaneum

A

cuboid

60
Q

what is the sustentaculum tali and where is it located

A

On the medial side there’s a projecting shelf which the medial part of the talus sits on

61
Q

what side is the calcaneo fibular ligament located and where does it attach to

A

On the lateral side there are the calcaneo-fibular ligament which goes from the lateral malleolus to the side of the calcaneus, and the interosseous talo-calcaneal ligament

62
Q

where does the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament lie between

A

The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament lies between the subtalar joint and the T.C.N. Joint.

63
Q

what pass beneath the extensor retinaculum

A

Four tendons, a nerve and an artery pass under the extensor retinaculum

64
Q

where is the peroneal retinaculum located and what does it accomodate

A

On the lateral aspect, behind the malleolus

It accommodates the tendons of two peroneal muscles as they pass around the lateral malleolus

65
Q

what passes beneath the flexor retinaculum

A

Three tendons, and the posterior tibial vessels and nerve

66
Q

what 3 muscles join to form the calcaneal tendon

A

Two large muscles, gastrocnemius and soleus, and one small muscle, plantaris

67
Q

the muscles gastrocnemius and soleus, and plantaris produce what motion of the foot

A

plantar flexion

68
Q

gastrocnemius 2 heads arise from where and what do they form

A

medial and lateral heads arise from the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

The two heads of gastrocnemius unite, forming a flat tendon.

69
Q

the calcaneal tendon inserts where

A

The calcaneal tendon inserts into a broad area on the back of the calcaneus

70
Q

where does tibialis posterior arise from

A

Tibialis posterior arises from the back of the tibia, the back of the fibula, and from the interosseous membrane in between

71
Q

where does the tendon of tibialis posterior pass

A

Its tendon passes immediately behind the medial malleolus, through a fibrous tunnel that’s covered by the flexor retinaculum

72
Q

where does the tibialis posterior insert

A

wide insertion on the navicular and first cuneiform bones and on the bases of the second, third and fourth metatarsals

73
Q

what motion does tibialis posterior facilitate

A

The action of tibialis posterior is to invert the foot

74
Q

what muscle other than tibialis posterior acts as a foot invertor

A

tibialis anterior

75
Q

where does peroneus brevis arise from

A

Peroneus brevis arises from the distal fibula

76
Q

where does peroneus longus arise from

A

on top of peroneus brevis, arises from the proximal fibula

77
Q

what passes under the upper end of the peroneus longus

A

The deep peroneal nerve passes under the upper end of peroneus longus

78
Q

at the ankle where do the peroneus longus and brevis run and in what orientation

A

At the ankle, the tendons of peroneus longus and brevis pass behind the lateral malleolus and beneath the peroneal retinaculum, longus behind, brevis in front

79
Q

where does peroneus brevis insert

A

Peroneus brevis runs forward to insert on the base of the fifth metatarsal

80
Q

where does peroneus longus insert

A

Peroneus longus runs around the cuboid bone, and along a deeply placed fibrous tunnel, to insert on the base of the first metatarsal

81
Q

what action does the 2 peroneus tendons faciliate

A

eversion of the foot

82
Q

what are the 2 long flexors

A

flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus

83
Q

where does Flexor hallucis longus arise from

A

Flexor hallucis longus arises from the back of the fibula

84
Q

where is the flexor hallucis digitorium in relation to flexor hallucis longus

A

Medial to flexor hallucis longus is flexor digitorum longus

85
Q

where does flexor digitorium arise from

A

the back of the tibia

86
Q

where is the tibialis posterior in relation to the flexor digitorum longus above and at the ankle

A

Tibialis posterior, crosses beneath flexor digitorum longus, and emerges in front of it, just above the ankle

At the ankle, the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior, each passing beneath the flexor retinaculum in its own fibrous tunnel

87
Q

Below the retinaculum where the two long toe flexors cross over, which flexor lies deeper

A

flexor hallucis longus lies deeper

302 MEDIMAGE (20 decks)

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