5a. Abdomen HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards
most of the stomach lies above what structure
costal margin level
the food enters and exits the stomach via what structures
enters via esophagogastric junction
exits via pylorus sphincter
the narrow part of the stomach leading to the pylorus is named what
pylorus antrum
the broad curve on the inferior side facing left is the ____ ____ and the tighter curve on the superior side facing the right is the ___ ___
greater curve
lesser curve
what is part of stomach that is the upwards and backwards bulge
fundus
where does the fundus sit under
diaphragm
what are the 3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
the duodenum starts where and passes in what directions to its junction with the jejunum
where does it end
starts at the pylorus by passing upwards and to the right, then turns to run in almost a full circle, ending at the duodeno-jejunal flexure.
how many parts does the duodenum have
4
the inner aspect of the curve of the duodenum is occupied by what
head of pancreas
what 2 ducts enter the duodenum
pancreatic duct and common bile duct
what structure lies furthers to the back that any other part of the GI tract
why
duodenum
due to rotation of midgut as embryo
what does the large intestine do
water and electrolytes are absorbed from intestinal contents
what happens to the contents of the large intestine
change content from liquid to semi solid
where is the cecum in relation to the large intestine and where does it hang
The cecum is a blind side passage at the beginning of the large intestine. It hangs downward in the right iliac fossa
the ileum projects into the lumen of what structure and where does it open
lumen of cecum
opens at the ileo-cecal valve
the appendix opens into what
into the cecum
what is the cecum located beneath
ileo-cecal valve
the ascending colon is held in place by what
peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall
the ascending colon ends where
at the sharp 90 degree turn at the hepatic flexure
the hepatic flexure lies under what 3 structures
lowest part of liver
gall bladder
infront of lower part of right kidney
the transverse colon ends where
at the sharp downward turn - splenic flexure
the splenic flexure lies below what, infront of what and above what
below the spleen and in front of the let kidney and above the descending colon
the descending colon is continuous with the sigmoid colon where
under the iliac crest
the sigmoid colon is attached by what structure
double sheet of peritoneum - the sigmoid mesocolon
how does the sigmoid colon travel as it passes down
approaches midline and becomes shorter
at what vertebral level does the sigmoid colon end
at level of S3 where it merges with the rectum
the greater part of the liver lies to the____ of the midline
right
does the liver come below the costal margin
not usually
the gall bladder hangs down below what feature of the liver
below the anterior border of the liver
the pancreas has what 4 parts
uncinate, neck, body, tail
what way does the neck body and tail of the pancreas travel and where does it end
extends to the left and slightly upward ending close to the spleen
the lower part of the pancreas head moves what way and what structure does it form
curls around to the left forming uncinate process
what vertebrae is behind the pancreas
L1
what 4 structures are behind the pancreas
IVC, aorta, superior mesenteric artery and left kidney
the portal vein passes where in relation to the pancreas on its way to what structure
passes beneath neck of pancreas on its way to liver
the exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into what structure via what structures
empty into the duodenum via pancreatic ducts
the spleen does what function
filters blood cells and is part of immune system
where is the spleen in terms of the ribs
above left costal margin
9-11th ribs overlie it
where does the spleen lie
between which 2 structures
between stomach and rib cage
what is the pancreas and spleens relation to each other
posterior wall of lesser sac the tail of the pancreas comes to the hilum of the spleen
where are the kidneys located
high in the posterior wall behind the peritoneum
what is the kidneys location in relation to the ribs
lie infront of the 11 and 12 ribs
which kidney is located more suepriorly
left
where are the renal veins located in relation to the renal arteries
veins infront of the arteries
the left renal vein crosses what vessel below what other vessel
crosses in front of aorta just below the origin of the SMA
the right vein travels which way to reach the right kidney
steeply backwards to reach right kidney
the renal arteries arise where in relation to another vessel
arise just below the SMA
the branches of the renal artery and vein enter the kidney where
at the hilum
the renal pelvis emerges where from the hilum in relation to the hilum and blood vessels
what does it become
behind the hilum behind the blood vessels and narrows to become continuous with the ureter
the ureters emerge from where and how do they travel towards the pelvic brim
downwards straight to the brim
what muscle is behind the ureters
psoas major muscle
what vessels cross infront of the ureters in the male and female
male = testicular vessels female = ovarian vessels
as the ureter runs over the pelvic brim and into the pelvis it passes infront of what vessel and what does the vessel do here
passes the common iliac artery as it divides to become the internal and external iliac
in both sexes the ureter passes which way along the pelvic wall to the bladder
downwards and forwards
the ureters passes in what direction in relation to the internal iliac vessels
passes medially
