6a. Pelvis HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards
what are the 3 short hip rotator muscles
piriformis and obturator internus/externus
what 4 bony surfaces do the short hip rotator muscles arise from
inner surface of sacrum
inner and outer surface of area around obturator foramen
outer surface of ischium
where do the short hip rotator muscles converge on
small area on back of femur just medial to greater trochanter
where does the piriformis arise from
sacrum
how does the piriformis leave the pelvis what does it travel with
through greater sciatic foramen with sciatic nerve
where does the piriformis insert
high up on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter
what other structure is the piriformis closely related to
sciatic nerve
where do the 2 obturator muscles lie
either side of the obturator membrane
where does the obturator externus arise from
adjoining edge of ischio-pubic ramus
where does the obturator externus travel relative to the femur
backwards beneath the neck of femur
the tendon of the obturator externus passes in what direction to reach insertion
Tendon passes laterally to reach insertion b
where is the insertion of the obturator externus
below piriformis
where does the obturator internus travel in the pelvis
goes around the back of the ischium from inside the pelvis
where does the obturator internus arise from
wide area on the ilium and ischium and from the obturator membrane
where does the obturator internus leave the pelvis by
lesser sciatic foramen
how does the obturator internus pass around the back of the ischium
90 degree turn
the obturator internus pass around the back of what part of the pelvis bones
back of ischium
the obturator internus is joined above and below by what 2 muscles
gemellus superior and inferior
where does the gluteus minimus arise from
wing of ilium
where does the gluteus minimus insert
on the front of the greater trochanter
what is the gluteus medius location relative to the gluteus minimus
overlies the gluteus minimus
where does the gluteus medius arise from
ilium
where does the gluteus medius insert
on the outer aspect of the greater trochanter
what is the function of the gluteus medius
what else can it do
mainly abductor but anterior part
can also produce medial rotation at the hip
what is the tensor fascia lata
continuous sheet of dense fibrous tissue that surrounds all the muscles of the thigh
what is the ilio-tibial tract
thickening of the fascia lata along the outer aspect of the thigh
where does the ilio-tibial tract extend from and to
The ilio-tibial tract extends all the way from the ilium, down to the tibia
between the muscles and it attaches what to the femur
Between the muscles is a strong fibrous septum, which attaches the ilio-tibial tract to the femur
what 2 muscles does the ilio-tibial tract act as the insertion of
The ilio-tibial tract acts as the tendon of insertion of two muscles, the gluteus maximus, and the tensor fascia lata
where does the tensor fascia lata arise from
Tensor fascia lata arises from the iliac crest
where does the tensor fascia lata insert in
inserts on the iliotibial tract
where does the psoas major muscle arise from
transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and side of the intervertebral discs and adjoining vertebral bodies
what muscle passes downward together with the psoas major muscle
iliacus
the iliacus and psoas major muscle travels down and travels over and under what 2 structures
over superior pubic ramus
under inguinal ligament
the iliacus and psoas major pass in what 2 directions and insert where
passes downward and backward to insert on the lesser trochanter
the contraction of the iliacus and psoas major muscles have what function
flexion of the hip joint
when the limb is free to move flexion does what to the thigh
bring thigh forward
when the limb is fixed flexion does what to the thigh
flexion of both hips bring body upright
what is the femoral triangle bounded by laterally
sartorius
what is the femoral triangle bounded by medially
adductor longus
what is the femoral triangle bounded by superiorly
inguinal ligament
what 2 muscles are in the depths of the triangle pectineus
psoas major and iliacus
what is the main artery to the lower extremity
external iliac artery
what path does the external iliac artery travel along in relation to the psoas major and inguinal ligament
along pelvic brim just medial to psoas major and passes beneath the inguinal ligament
what is the name of the artery when the external iliac artery goes below the inguinal ligament
femoral artery
the femoral vein lies where relative to the femoral artery as it passes beneath the inguinal ligament
veins lie medial to fem artery
the external iliac and internal iliac merge to from what vein
common iliac vein
the 2 common iliac join to the right of what and what structure does it form
to the right of the aortic bifurcation
forms the IVC
the right common iliac artery passes anterior to what vessel
left common iliac vein
the IVC runs in what direction in relation to the midline
to the right of the midline
the IVC lies of which vertebral bodies
L4 to T12
the IVC passes through what structure to enter what aspect of the heart
through the diaphragm to enter the right atrium
below the bladder in the male pelvis is what organ
prostate
when the bladder is full it does what and when its empty what does it do
full = rise into lower abdomen empty = flatten out
the bladder has covering of peritoneum where
only on its upper surface
what structure is behind the bladder
rectum
the ureter enters the bladder where and passes through the bladder wall in what direction
enters the bladder out to the side
passes through the bladder wall obliquely
the ductus deferens comes around and widens to form what
ampulla
what structure is lateral to the ampulla of the ductus deferens
seminal vesicle
on each side the ductus and the seminal vesicle joins to form what
ejaculatory duct
what is the ejaculatory ducts path to enter the urethra
through the prostate to enter the urethra
the wall of the bladder consists of what and is lined with what
consists of smooth muscle and lined with mucosa
the ureter opens into the bladder obliquely at what structure
ureteric ostium
urine leaves the bladder through what structure to enter the urethra
through internal urethral meatus
the projection just above the urethral meatus is what
uvula
the mucosal lining of the bladder is in what formation and what happens to it when the bladder fills
irregular folds which flatten out as the bladder fills
what is the mucosal layer like in the trigone
relatively flat
where is the trigone
triangular area between the ureteric and urethral openings
in the male the first part of the urethra passes in what direction through what organ
downwards through prostate
the prostate consists of what tissue and is interlaced with what tissue
smooth muscle
interlaced with glandular tissue
what does the prostate secrete
portion of the seminal fluid
where does the urethra emerge in the male pelvis
apex of prostate
what is the proximal path of the urethra and what direction does it travel through the sling of muscle that forms the pelvic diaphragm
membranous urethra passes downwards
the levator prostatae is the most __ and ___ part of the pubococcygeus
anterior and medial
what is the pubococcygeus a part of
levator ani muscle complex
in the female pelvis what is behind the bladder and what is above the bladder
behind = vagina above = uterus
what is directly behind the vagina in the female pelvis
rectum
what is the length of the female urethra and what is it surrounded by
short
surrounded by external urethral sphincter muscle
the urethra of the female runs in what direction relative to the vagina
runs parallel to the vagina
the vagina and urethra pass through what structure
pelvic diaphragm
the external urethral meatus opens into what structure
opens into vestibule of the vagina
viewing downwards and backwards into the female pelvic cavity what is behind the uterus
sigmoid colon
viewing downwards and backwards into the female pelvic cavity what is in front of the uterus
bladder
what is the highest part of the uterus
fundus
what parts of the uterus are covered by peritoneum
body and fundus
what tethers the uterus to the pelvis wall
on each side the broad ligament tethers the uterus to the side wall of the pelvis
what is the pouch of douglas
lowest point in the peritoneal cavity recess
what is the vesico-uterine pouch
recess in front of the uterus
what is another name for the pouch of douglas
recto-uterine pouch
the distinct ligaments that are attached to the uterus pass in what direction to tether the uterus to the pelvis walls
forward, laterally and backward
the lowest part of the uterus is what
cervix
the cervix projects where in relation to the vagina
down into vagina and projects into the vagina
what is the recess around the cervix between the cervix and the vaginal wall
the vaginal fornix
what is the center of the cervix
ostium/external os of the uterus
