4b. Thorax Radiology - Acquired Pathologies Flashcards
what is penumomediastinum and surgical emphysema
what does it look like on a CT image
air in subcutaneous tissue or around medistinum
Subcutaneous tissue full of low density material that is air surrounding chest between muscle planes
what is a trauma RTA - diaphragmatic rupture
rips hole in diaphragm
pressure on abdomen pushes abdominal content into chest so there are loops of bowels inside chest
what is traumatic RTA ischemic leg aortic rupture in terms of what it looks like on CT
2 lumens seen in vessel (eg descend aorta)
what is a deccelaration injury for traumatic aortic injury
little bit of intima has been pulled off and can extend
what is a trauma CVP line
cvp line pokes through vessel wall and thorax is full of blood
what are 2 complications of traumatic CVP
pneumothorax and haemothorax
what is tumor staging
seeing where the tumor has spread to or if its just local
what is a characteristic of tumors of chest and lung in CT
spiculated tumor
what areas on chest CT are likely to get enlarged
lymph nodes in hilar region and under carina
what is the allowed size for lumph nodes
shouldnt be bigger than 1cm
where are areas that are common for metastases
adrenal and liver as well as brain sometimes
what is mesothelioma caused by
asbestos exposure
what is a mesothelioma in terms of the tumor type
slow growing tumor and encases lung pleural tumor
what are 3 things that mesotheliomas cause
pleural thickening, calcification, pleural effusion
what do pulmonary metastases look like in CT thorax
multiple white nodules in lung
what is pulmonary embolism
clot in leg breaks off and goes into pulmonary arteries and blocks blood going through lungs
blood not going into body so patient dies
what is aortic dissection
tear in aortic wall creating false and true lumens
false lumen ruptures and patient bleeds out or ruptures into descending aorta
what are signs of aortic dissection in xrays
aortic arch widening and trachea is deviated
what is thoracic dissection
true lumen and false lumen in the descending aorta
what does centrilobular emphysema on CT look like
patchy areas of lung destruction
central opulence and holes in lung tissue in middle of lung lobes
asymmetric
what does subpleural emphysema on CT look like
under pleura so patchy areas of lung destruction and large holes on edges of lung
asymmetric
what is fibrosing alveolitis in terms of anatomy and physiology
low lung volume and thickened sepate
lung becomes stiff and low volume, cant get air in/out so poor compliance
what is seen on CT asthma
airtrapping seen as low density on image
thick mucus retained in lungs, get bronchial wall thickening
what is heart failure in terms of what it looks like on CT
central distribution of alveolar oedema
what are 2 features associated with heart failure
intersitial fluid
kerley B lines
Effusions
what does pneumocytis look like
patchy areas of fungi infection
who normally gets pneumocytis
immunocompromised so cant fight fungus and gets infection
what will you see on CT for the lobar pneumonia
air bronchogram
is penumonia aspiration often on the posterior or anterior
posterior
what is aspergillosis
fungal
what does rheumatoid arthritis look like on lung CT
large nodules in lung or diffuse fibrosis at base of lungs where you get stiffness of lungs
