4b. Thorax Radiology - Acquired Pathologies

Question 1

what is penumomediastinum and surgical emphysema

what does it look like on a CT image

Answer 1

air in subcutaneous tissue or around medistinum

Subcutaneous tissue full of low density material that is air surrounding chest between muscle planes

Question 2

what is a trauma RTA - diaphragmatic rupture

Answer 2

rips hole in diaphragm

pressure on abdomen pushes abdominal content into chest so there are loops of bowels inside chest

Question 3

what is traumatic RTA ischemic leg aortic rupture in terms of what it looks like on CT

Answer 3

2 lumens seen in vessel (eg descend aorta)

Question 4

what is a deccelaration injury for traumatic aortic injury

Answer 4

little bit of intima has been pulled off and can extend

Question 5

what is a trauma CVP line

Answer 5

cvp line pokes through vessel wall and thorax is full of blood

Question 6

what are 2 complications of traumatic CVP

Answer 6

pneumothorax and haemothorax

Question 7

what is tumor staging

Answer 7

seeing where the tumor has spread to or if its just local

Question 8

what is a characteristic of tumors of chest and lung in CT

Answer 8

spiculated tumor

Question 9

what areas on chest CT are likely to get enlarged

Answer 9

lymph nodes in hilar region and under carina

Question 10

what is the allowed size for lumph nodes

Answer 10

shouldnt be bigger than 1cm

Question 11

where are areas that are common for metastases

Answer 11

adrenal and liver as well as brain sometimes

Question 12

what is mesothelioma caused by

Answer 12

asbestos exposure

Question 13

what is a mesothelioma in terms of the tumor type

Answer 13

slow growing tumor and encases lung pleural tumor

Question 14

what are 3 things that mesotheliomas cause

Answer 14

pleural thickening, calcification, pleural effusion

Question 15

what do pulmonary metastases look like in CT thorax

Answer 15

multiple white nodules in lung

Question 16

what is pulmonary embolism

Answer 16

clot in leg breaks off and goes into pulmonary arteries and blocks blood going through lungs

blood not going into body so patient dies

Question 17

what is aortic dissection

Answer 17

tear in aortic wall creating false and true lumens

false lumen ruptures and patient bleeds out or ruptures into descending aorta

Question 18

what are signs of aortic dissection in xrays

Answer 18

aortic arch widening and trachea is deviated

Question 19

what is thoracic dissection

Answer 19

true lumen and false lumen in the descending aorta

Question 20

what does centrilobular emphysema on CT look like

Answer 20

patchy areas of lung destruction

central opulence and holes in lung tissue in middle of lung lobes

asymmetric

Question 21

what does subpleural emphysema on CT look like

Answer 21

under pleura so patchy areas of lung destruction and large holes on edges of lung

asymmetric

Question 22

what is fibrosing alveolitis in terms of anatomy and physiology

Answer 22

low lung volume and thickened sepate

lung becomes stiff and low volume, cant get air in/out so poor compliance

Question 23

what is seen on CT asthma

Answer 23

airtrapping seen as low density on image

thick mucus retained in lungs, get bronchial wall thickening

Question 24

what is heart failure in terms of what it looks like on CT

Answer 24

central distribution of alveolar oedema

Question 25

what are 2 features associated with heart failure

Answer 25

intersitial fluid
kerley B lines
Effusions

Question 26

what does pneumocytis look like

Answer 26

patchy areas of fungi infection

Question 27

who normally gets pneumocytis

Answer 27

immunocompromised so cant fight fungus and gets infection

Question 28

what will you see on CT for the lobar pneumonia

Answer 28

air bronchogram

Question 29

is penumonia aspiration often on the posterior or anterior

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

what is aspergillosis

Answer 30

fungal

Question 31

what does rheumatoid arthritis look like on lung CT

Answer 31

large nodules in lung or diffuse fibrosis at base of lungs where you get stiffness of lungs