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302 MEDIMAGE > 7b. Spine HAL - Worksheet > Flashcards

7b. Spine HAL - Worksheet Flashcards

1
Q

the transverse foramina allows what to pass through them

A

vertebral artery

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2
Q

how many intervertebral disks are there in the C spine

where are the disks located

A

6

C1/2 doesnt exist but C7/T1 does

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3
Q

the uncinate processes form what joints

A

uncovertebral joints

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4
Q

are there uncovertebral joints in all areas of the spine

A

no only in C spine

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5
Q

how does the uncovertebral joints differ to the intervertebral joints in appearance and why

A

uncovertebral joints are synovial joints are cartilage and fluid

IV disk is a fibrocartilagenous symphysis type joint and have more fibrous material

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6
Q

what feature does the axis have that the others dont

A

odontoid process/dens

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7
Q

which part of the atlas does the dens articulate with

A

internal aspect of anterior arch

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8
Q

what type of joint does the axis form with the atlas and what does this joint allow

A

synovial joint to allow movement

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9
Q

what general shape is the atlas and how would you expect it to appear in coronal and sagittal views

A

ring shape

likely only to see 2 small portions of the ring when in coronal/sagittal

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10
Q

what specific part of the skull does the atlas articulate with

A

condyles of occipital bone

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11
Q

the larynx and pharynx lay where relative to the C spine in the neck

A

Larynx and pharynx lay immediately anterior to the C spine in the neck

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12
Q

what are the larynx and pharynx filled with in life

A

air

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13
Q

what is the hyoid bone made of and what can happen in older patients with this bone and thyroid cartilage

A

made of bone

laryngeal cartilage can ossify with age

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14
Q

what structures run through the intervertebral foramina

A

spinal nerve roots

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15
Q

what is the name give to the normal curvature of the thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

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16
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral bending and twisting of spine and distortion of body cavities

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17
Q

what features of the thoracic vertebrae form the zygapophyseal joints

A

superior articular process of vertebrae above and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae below

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18
Q

what type of joint is a zygapophyseal joint

A

synovial

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19
Q

which side of the thoracic spine does the thoracic aorta lie on

A

left

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20
Q

the azygous vein is located where in relation to the aorta and right main bronchus

A

runs parallel to the aorta along the vertebra and arches over the right main bronchus at the T4/5 transthoracic plane

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21
Q

what does the azygous vein drain into

A

SVC

22
Q

what is the relationship of the oesophagus and the thoracic aorta as they descend into the thorax

A

esophagus starts in midline but then moves over the left side passing anterior to the aorta which moves right to become a more midline structure in the abdomen

23
Q

what is the erector spinaes function

A

extension of the spine and maintenance of posture

24
Q

where is the erector spinaes located

A

occupies gutters between the transverse and spinous process

25
Q

what features of the lumbar vertebrae have that the other types dont

A

not really any, many key features are shared by lower thoracic like large broad spinous processes and short transverse processes

unlike thoracic vert L vert have no ribs attaching

26
Q

what lumbar vert do you expect to see first when scrolling from ant to post in a coronal view and why

A

L3/4

27
Q

what vertebral ffeature do you expect to come across first when scrolling left to right in sagittal view

A

transverse process

28
Q

if you can see lungs in the slice with vert what vert is it likely to be

A

Thoracic

29
Q

what passes through the intervertebral foramina

A

spinal nerve root

30
Q

what symptoms would you see in patient if the lumbar foramina became occluded

A

sensory/motor disturbances in lower limb, pelvis/genitals or back

31
Q

in a healthy spine are there any differences between the T12/l1 disc to the L3/4 or L5/S1 disc that might affect how you view then on cross section

A

T12/L1 dissc angles up a bit and L3/4 is relatively flat, L5/S1 angles downwards

angulation will provide only partial view in axial views

32
Q

what structure runs down the surface of the psoas muscle to the pelvis that you might be clinically important to scan through

A

ureters looking for kidney stones

33
Q

what is the difference in abdominal aorta and IVC in terms of bifurcation

A

aorta bifurcates earlier at L4 and IVC bifurcates at L5

34
Q

what is the first section of the nerves emerging from the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves/roots

35
Q

what part of the spine would be assessed if suspected a spinal nerve injury

A

intervert foramina

36
Q

what modality would be optimal for assessing spinal nerve health and why

A

looking at bone pathology = CT

looking at nerve detail and inflammation markers = MRI

37
Q

what vertebrae levels are involved in the cervical plexus and what is the regions it covers

A

C1-4

neck and head

38
Q

what vertebrae levels are involved in the brachial plexus and what is the regions it covers

A

C5-T1

upper limb/shoulder

39
Q

what vertebrae levels are involved in the lumbar plexus and what is the regions it covers

A

T12/L1 - L4

lower limb

40
Q

what vertebrae levels are involved in the sacral plexus and what is the regions it covers

A

L4-S4

pelvis, perineum, lower limb

41
Q

the 3 major branches of the aortic arch becomes which 4 major branches

A

subclavian arteries x 2

common carotid arteries x 2

42
Q

what is the subclavian arterys path and what does it supply

A

pass laterally over the 1st rib to supply the upperlimb

43
Q

what is the common carotid arterys path and what does it supply

A

passing vertically to supply head and neck

44
Q

the CCA bifurcate as it travels where and what does it form

A

as it ascends the neck

forms the external and internal carotid arteries

45
Q

what does the ICA supply

A

enter skull to supply brain and eye

46
Q

what does the ECA supply

A

supply face predominantly

47
Q

what artery supplies the brain with the ICA and what do they form

A

basilar artery

forms circle of willis

48
Q

the basilar artery is formed by what 2 arteries and what do these arteries arise from

A

by vertebral arteries that arise from the subclavian artery

49
Q

what is the course of the vertebral arteries as they travel to form the basilar artery

A

ascend the neck within transverse foramina of Cervical vertebrae (enters C6 not C7)

hook a 90 degree bend and pass superiorly over the posterior arch of C1 and pass up through the foramen magnum to then form the basilar arteries

50
Q

what is the vein that accompanies the CCA and ICA

A

IJV

302 MEDIMAGE (20 decks)

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