7b. Spine HAL - Worksheet Flashcards
the transverse foramina allows what to pass through them
vertebral artery
how many intervertebral disks are there in the C spine
where are the disks located
6
C1/2 doesnt exist but C7/T1 does
the uncinate processes form what joints
uncovertebral joints
are there uncovertebral joints in all areas of the spine
no only in C spine
how does the uncovertebral joints differ to the intervertebral joints in appearance and why
uncovertebral joints are synovial joints are cartilage and fluid
IV disk is a fibrocartilagenous symphysis type joint and have more fibrous material
what feature does the axis have that the others dont
odontoid process/dens
which part of the atlas does the dens articulate with
internal aspect of anterior arch
what type of joint does the axis form with the atlas and what does this joint allow
synovial joint to allow movement
what general shape is the atlas and how would you expect it to appear in coronal and sagittal views
ring shape
likely only to see 2 small portions of the ring when in coronal/sagittal
what specific part of the skull does the atlas articulate with
condyles of occipital bone
the larynx and pharynx lay where relative to the C spine in the neck
Larynx and pharynx lay immediately anterior to the C spine in the neck
what are the larynx and pharynx filled with in life
air
what is the hyoid bone made of and what can happen in older patients with this bone and thyroid cartilage
made of bone
laryngeal cartilage can ossify with age
what structures run through the intervertebral foramina
spinal nerve roots
what is the name give to the normal curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
what is scoliosis
lateral bending and twisting of spine and distortion of body cavities
what features of the thoracic vertebrae form the zygapophyseal joints
superior articular process of vertebrae above and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae below
what type of joint is a zygapophyseal joint
synovial
which side of the thoracic spine does the thoracic aorta lie on
left
the azygous vein is located where in relation to the aorta and right main bronchus
runs parallel to the aorta along the vertebra and arches over the right main bronchus at the T4/5 transthoracic plane
what does the azygous vein drain into
SVC
what is the relationship of the oesophagus and the thoracic aorta as they descend into the thorax
esophagus starts in midline but then moves over the left side passing anterior to the aorta which moves right to become a more midline structure in the abdomen
what is the erector spinaes function
extension of the spine and maintenance of posture
where is the erector spinaes located
occupies gutters between the transverse and spinous process
what features of the lumbar vertebrae have that the other types dont
not really any, many key features are shared by lower thoracic like large broad spinous processes and short transverse processes
unlike thoracic vert L vert have no ribs attaching
what lumbar vert do you expect to see first when scrolling from ant to post in a coronal view and why
L3/4
what vertebral ffeature do you expect to come across first when scrolling left to right in sagittal view
transverse process
if you can see lungs in the slice with vert what vert is it likely to be
Thoracic
what passes through the intervertebral foramina
spinal nerve root
what symptoms would you see in patient if the lumbar foramina became occluded
sensory/motor disturbances in lower limb, pelvis/genitals or back
in a healthy spine are there any differences between the T12/l1 disc to the L3/4 or L5/S1 disc that might affect how you view then on cross section
T12/L1 dissc angles up a bit and L3/4 is relatively flat, L5/S1 angles downwards
angulation will provide only partial view in axial views
what structure runs down the surface of the psoas muscle to the pelvis that you might be clinically important to scan through
ureters looking for kidney stones
what is the difference in abdominal aorta and IVC in terms of bifurcation
aorta bifurcates earlier at L4 and IVC bifurcates at L5
what is the first section of the nerves emerging from the spinal cord
spinal nerves/roots
what part of the spine would be assessed if suspected a spinal nerve injury
intervert foramina
what modality would be optimal for assessing spinal nerve health and why
looking at bone pathology = CT
looking at nerve detail and inflammation markers = MRI
what vertebrae levels are involved in the cervical plexus and what is the regions it covers
C1-4
neck and head
what vertebrae levels are involved in the brachial plexus and what is the regions it covers
C5-T1
upper limb/shoulder
what vertebrae levels are involved in the lumbar plexus and what is the regions it covers
T12/L1 - L4
lower limb
what vertebrae levels are involved in the sacral plexus and what is the regions it covers
L4-S4
pelvis, perineum, lower limb
the 3 major branches of the aortic arch becomes which 4 major branches
subclavian arteries x 2
common carotid arteries x 2
what is the subclavian arterys path and what does it supply
pass laterally over the 1st rib to supply the upperlimb
what is the common carotid arterys path and what does it supply
passing vertically to supply head and neck
the CCA bifurcate as it travels where and what does it form
as it ascends the neck
forms the external and internal carotid arteries
what does the ICA supply
enter skull to supply brain and eye
what does the ECA supply
supply face predominantly
what artery supplies the brain with the ICA and what do they form
basilar artery
forms circle of willis
the basilar artery is formed by what 2 arteries and what do these arteries arise from
by vertebral arteries that arise from the subclavian artery
what is the course of the vertebral arteries as they travel to form the basilar artery
ascend the neck within transverse foramina of Cervical vertebrae (enters C6 not C7)
hook a 90 degree bend and pass superiorly over the posterior arch of C1 and pass up through the foramen magnum to then form the basilar arteries
what is the vein that accompanies the CCA and ICA
IJV
