7a. Spine HAL - Acland Videos

Question 1

what is the vertebral size and shape of the typical C spine

Answer 1

small body and curved upper and lower surface

Question 2

what does the vertebral foramen look like in typical C spine

Answer 2

large and triangular

Question 3

what is the neural arch formed by

Answer 3

2 straight laminae

Question 4

what is the pedicle size for typical C spine vertebrae

Answer 4

short

Question 5

what is the spinous process for typical C spine vertebrae

Answer 5

short and double point

Question 6

where does the upper and lower articular facet face in a typical C spine vertebrae

Answer 6

upper faces up and inward

lower faces down and forward

Question 7

what is the articular pillar

Answer 7

mass of bone betw the articular facets

Question 8

what passes through the transverse foramen

Answer 8

vertebral artery

Question 9

what is the transverse foramen shaped like in a typical C spine vertebrae

Answer 9

shaped like a gutter and points downwards

ends in 2 tubercles - ant and post

Question 10

what is different from the typical C spine vertebrae in the 7th vertebrae

Answer 10

long spinous process ending in single point

Question 11

what are the 4 movements that can be made by the C spine

Answer 11

lateral flexion, flexion and extension and rotation

Question 12

where does the C spine rotation occur

Answer 12

antlantooccipital joints between atlas and occipital bone

Question 13

the vertebrae of T spine articulates with ribs at what 2 poitns

Answer 13

end of transverse process

where pedicle meets body

Question 14

what direction does the transverse and spinous process of the t spine vertebrae point

Answer 14

transverse = sideways
spinous = downwards and overlaps one below

Question 15

what shape are the articular processes of the typical T spine vertebrae and what direction do they face

Answer 15

almost vertical, upper face straight backwards and lower face forward

Question 16

what direction does the upper and lower articular processes of the L spine face

Answer 16

upper = inwards
lower = outward

Question 17

is there rotation of the L spine and why

Answer 17

no because of the arrangement of the upper and lower articular processes

Question 18

what are the 3 movments that can occur in the L spine

Answer 18

extension, flexion and lateral flexion

Question 19

the shape of the sacrum

Answer 19

marked backward curve from top to bottom

Question 20

what is the shape of the lower intervertebral disks and why are they this shape

Answer 20

wedge shaped due to curve of spine between lumbar vert and sacrum

Question 21

what is the most ant part of the sacrum called

Answer 21

sacral promontory

Question 22

the anterior rami of spinal nerves S1-4 emerge where

Answer 22

from within the vertebral canal from the pelvic sacral foramina

Question 23

the posterior spinal nerve rami emerge from where

Answer 23

dorsal sacral formina

Question 24

where does the vertebral canal ends

Answer 24

sacral hiatus

Question 25

what are the 2 layers of the intervertebral disk

Answer 25

outer ring of tough fibrocartilage anulus fibrosis

inner called nucleus pulposus

Question 26

what does the intervertebral disks do - 2 things

Answer 26

transmit weight of body

permit movement between vertebrae

Question 27

what does the side of the intervertebral disk form in terms of spinal nerves

Answer 27

forms the anterior margin of intervertebral foramen through which spinal nerve emerges

Question 28

the spinal cord is attached to the dura by what

Answer 28

series of fine triangular ligaments - denticulate ligaments

Question 29

each spinal nerve arises from what

Answer 29

small bundle of dorsal filaments

Question 30

what forms the dorsal sensory root of the nerves

Answer 30

small bundle of dorsal filaments

Question 31

in the cervical region the nerve roots follow what course

what happens in thoracic region

Answer 31

slightly oblique downward course

in T region its course becomes more oblique

Question 32

the dural sac is occupied what what

Answer 32

leash of vertically running lumbar and sacral nerve roots - cauda equina

Question 33

the spinal nerves passes from where to emerge where

Answer 33

from inside subarachnoid space to emerge from intervertebral formamen

Question 34

the roots of nerve leaves from where and the nerve emerges from where

Answer 34

leaves dural sac

nerve emerges from intervertebral foramen

Question 35

what is the dorsal root gnaglion

Answer 35

thickening at very beginning of the spinal nerve

Question 36

the azygous vein arches over what structure and joins with what vessel

Answer 36

arches over right main bronchus and joins SVC

Question 37

where does the azygous vein begin and where does it travel

Answer 37

begins below diaphragm and runs up right side of the vertebral column

Question 38

the azygous vein recieves blood from where

Answer 38

posterior and lateral parts of chest wall

Question 39

what empties into the azygous vein from the right

Answer 39

posterior intercostal veins

Question 40

where does the posterior intercostal veins empty into on the left

Answer 40

2 hemi-azygous veins that empty into the azygous

Question 41

the psoas major muscle arises from where

Answer 41

from transverse processes vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks from T12-L5

Question 42

what is the path of the psoas muscle

Answer 42

runs down across the ala of the sacrum and across the SI joint along the pelvic brim

Question 43

the iliacus muscle fills what

Answer 43

iliac fossa

Question 44

the iliacus muscle arises from what area

Answer 44

wide area on ilium wing

Question 45

what 2 things form the ilio-psoas

Answer 45

medial fibres of iliacus and lateral fibres of psoas major

Question 46

the iliopsoas follows what path

Answer 46

runs beneath the inguinal ligament and passes backwards to insertion

Question 47

where does the ilio-psoas insert

Answer 47

on lesser trochanter of femur

Question 48

what movement does the iliacus and psoas maj allow

Answer 48

flexion at hip joint

Question 49

where do the common carotid and subclavian emerge

Answer 49

through opening at top of chest the superior thoracic aperture

Question 50

what is the subclavian artery’s path

Answer 50

upward and laterally giving off branches and passes behind the scalene muscle crossing the underlying first rib as it does so

runs beneath clavicle towards axilla

Question 51

what does the subclavian artery supply

Answer 51

upper extremity

Question 52

the common carotid artery follows what path

Answer 52

runs up lateral to thyroid gland, trachea and larynx

Question 53

where does the common carotid divide into the ext and in carotids

Answer 53

little below the level of the angle of the mandible

Question 54

where is the carotid sinus

Answer 54

bifurcation of the common carotid

Question 55

the branches of the ext carotid artery supplies what structures

Answer 55

skull, dura and all of head outside the cranial cavity apart from orbit

Question 56

what vessels supply the brain

Answer 56

int carotid art and vertebral art

Question 57

where does the vertebral arteries arise from

Answer 57

subclavian artery in root of neck

Question 58

what is the path of the vertebral arteries in the neck

Answer 58

runs straight upwards and passes through the opening in transverse process of the upper 6 C vertebrae

Question 59

what is the path of the vertebral arteries in the head

Answer 59

2 vertebral art pass through transverse process of atlas and turns backwards then medially to pass through the atlanto-occipital membrane and dura just below foramen magnum

pass through dura and join together forming basilar artery