7a. Spine HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards
what is the vertebral size and shape of the typical C spine
small body and curved upper and lower surface
what does the vertebral foramen look like in typical C spine
large and triangular
what is the neural arch formed by
2 straight laminae
what is the pedicle size for typical C spine vertebrae
short
what is the spinous process for typical C spine vertebrae
short and double point
where does the upper and lower articular facet face in a typical C spine vertebrae
upper faces up and inward
lower faces down and forward
what is the articular pillar
mass of bone betw the articular facets
what passes through the transverse foramen
vertebral artery
what is the transverse foramen shaped like in a typical C spine vertebrae
shaped like a gutter and points downwards
ends in 2 tubercles - ant and post
what is different from the typical C spine vertebrae in the 7th vertebrae
long spinous process ending in single point
what are the 4 movements that can be made by the C spine
lateral flexion, flexion and extension and rotation
where does the C spine rotation occur
antlantooccipital joints between atlas and occipital bone
the vertebrae of T spine articulates with ribs at what 2 poitns
end of transverse process
where pedicle meets body
what direction does the transverse and spinous process of the t spine vertebrae point
transverse = sideways spinous = downwards and overlaps one below
what shape are the articular processes of the typical T spine vertebrae and what direction do they face
almost vertical, upper face straight backwards and lower face forward
what direction does the upper and lower articular processes of the L spine face
upper = inwards lower = outward
is there rotation of the L spine and why
no because of the arrangement of the upper and lower articular processes
what are the 3 movments that can occur in the L spine
extension, flexion and lateral flexion
the shape of the sacrum
marked backward curve from top to bottom
what is the shape of the lower intervertebral disks and why are they this shape
wedge shaped due to curve of spine between lumbar vert and sacrum
what is the most ant part of the sacrum called
sacral promontory
the anterior rami of spinal nerves S1-4 emerge where
from within the vertebral canal from the pelvic sacral foramina
the posterior spinal nerve rami emerge from where
dorsal sacral formina
where does the vertebral canal ends
sacral hiatus
what are the 2 layers of the intervertebral disk
outer ring of tough fibrocartilage anulus fibrosis
inner called nucleus pulposus
what does the intervertebral disks do - 2 things
transmit weight of body
permit movement between vertebrae
what does the side of the intervertebral disk form in terms of spinal nerves
forms the anterior margin of intervertebral foramen through which spinal nerve emerges
the spinal cord is attached to the dura by what
series of fine triangular ligaments - denticulate ligaments
each spinal nerve arises from what
small bundle of dorsal filaments
what forms the dorsal sensory root of the nerves
small bundle of dorsal filaments
in the cervical region the nerve roots follow what course
what happens in thoracic region
slightly oblique downward course
in T region its course becomes more oblique
the dural sac is occupied what what
leash of vertically running lumbar and sacral nerve roots - cauda equina
the spinal nerves passes from where to emerge where
from inside subarachnoid space to emerge from intervertebral formamen
the roots of nerve leaves from where and the nerve emerges from where
leaves dural sac
nerve emerges from intervertebral foramen
what is the dorsal root gnaglion
thickening at very beginning of the spinal nerve
the azygous vein arches over what structure and joins with what vessel
arches over right main bronchus and joins SVC
where does the azygous vein begin and where does it travel
begins below diaphragm and runs up right side of the vertebral column
the azygous vein recieves blood from where
posterior and lateral parts of chest wall
what empties into the azygous vein from the right
posterior intercostal veins
where does the posterior intercostal veins empty into on the left
2 hemi-azygous veins that empty into the azygous
the psoas major muscle arises from where
from transverse processes vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks from T12-L5
what is the path of the psoas muscle
runs down across the ala of the sacrum and across the SI joint along the pelvic brim
the iliacus muscle fills what
iliac fossa
the iliacus muscle arises from what area
wide area on ilium wing
what 2 things form the ilio-psoas
medial fibres of iliacus and lateral fibres of psoas major
the iliopsoas follows what path
runs beneath the inguinal ligament and passes backwards to insertion
where does the ilio-psoas insert
on lesser trochanter of femur
what movement does the iliacus and psoas maj allow
flexion at hip joint
where do the common carotid and subclavian emerge
through opening at top of chest the superior thoracic aperture
what is the subclavian artery’s path
upward and laterally giving off branches and passes behind the scalene muscle crossing the underlying first rib as it does so
runs beneath clavicle towards axilla
what does the subclavian artery supply
upper extremity
the common carotid artery follows what path
runs up lateral to thyroid gland, trachea and larynx
where does the common carotid divide into the ext and in carotids
little below the level of the angle of the mandible
where is the carotid sinus
bifurcation of the common carotid
the branches of the ext carotid artery supplies what structures
skull, dura and all of head outside the cranial cavity apart from orbit
what vessels supply the brain
int carotid art and vertebral art
where does the vertebral arteries arise from
subclavian artery in root of neck
what is the path of the vertebral arteries in the neck
runs straight upwards and passes through the opening in transverse process of the upper 6 C vertebrae
what is the path of the vertebral arteries in the head
2 vertebral art pass through transverse process of atlas and turns backwards then medially to pass through the atlanto-occipital membrane and dura just below foramen magnum
pass through dura and join together forming basilar artery
