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302 MEDIMAGE > 1a. Head HAL - Acland Videos > Flashcards

1a. Head HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards

1
Q

what structure is the brainstem continuous with

A

spinal cord

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2
Q

the brain is within which cavity

A

cranial cavity

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3
Q

the frontal lobe occupies which cranial fossa

A

anterior

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4
Q

the temporal lobe occupies which cranial fossa

A

middle

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5
Q

what does the posterior cranial fossa contain

A

brain stem and cerebellum

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6
Q

the cranial cavity is lined by what

A

dura

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7
Q

the dura that lines the cranial cavity passes through what structure and becomes continuous with what

A

passes through foramen magnum and becomes continuous with the dura lining the vertebral canal

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8
Q

what are the 2 structures that create partitions in the cranial cavity and what are they made of

A

falx and tentorium

extensions of the dura

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9
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli divide and in what direction does it divide

A

cerebrum above from cerebellum below

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10
Q

where does the brain stem pass through in the tentorium

A

in the tentorium incisure

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11
Q

where is the tentorium attached

A

attached along line on occipital bone and edge of petrous temporal bone

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12
Q

where does the tentorium end

A

ends at the posterior clinoid process

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13
Q

what is the upper surface of the tentorium continuous with

A

dura of floor of middle cranial fossa

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14
Q

what is the tentorium attached to in the midline

A

falx

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15
Q

what is the tentorium’s full name

A

tentorium cerebelli

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16
Q

what is the falx’s full name

A

falx cerebri

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17
Q

what does the falx divide and in what direction

A

midline partition between 2 cerebral hemispheres

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18
Q

what is the falx attached to along its length (which bone)

A

occipital, parietal and frontal bones

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19
Q

what is the falx attached to in the front

A

crista galli

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20
Q

where structure does the falx form when it split near attachment

A

splits into 2 layers leaving triangular space for superior sagittal sinus

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21
Q

what are the 3 meninges layers which one is outer and inner

A

dura - outer
arachnoid
pia - inner

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22
Q

how does the pia mater travel in terms of the sulcus and gyrus

A

extends into sulci and back up into gyrus

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23
Q

do the vessels in the sulcus lie inside the pia mater

A

no they lie outside the pia

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24
Q

what is the relation of the pia with the vessels entering the brain

A

Each vessel entering brain carries a sleeve of pia with it

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25
Q

how does the arachnoid mater travel in terms of the sulcus and gyrus

A

doesnt extend into sulci and bridges over from one gyrus to the next

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26
Q

what is the space associated with the arachnoid mater

A

subarachnoid space

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27
Q

where is the subarachnoid space wide and narrow

hint: wide in 3 places

A

narrow over most of brain

wide below/above cerebellum and infront of brain stem

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28
Q

what is the name for areas of the subarachnoid space that is wide

A

cisterns

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29
Q

is the dura mater attached to anything

which 2 structures is it between

A

between arachnoid mater and skull

no attachment to arachnoid normally separated from bone but quite closely attached to it

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30
Q

branches of what vessels run in the thickness of the dura

A

middle meningeal arteries

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31
Q

vessels and nerves entering the cranial cavity pass through openings in the dura and at each opening the dura does what with the nerve/vessel

A

dura forms a tunnel around it for a short distance

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32
Q

why dont the openings in the bone and the dura not match up

A

Nerve/vessel runs beneath the dura for a distance between the opening in the dura and the opening in the bone so the opening in dura often don’t match the opening in the bone

(eg in middle cranial fossa the bone has many openings but the dura there has no openings)

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33
Q

the pituitary fossa is enclosed by what

A

4 clinoid processes

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34
Q

what bridges over the roof of the pituitary fossa

A

dura

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35
Q

the pituitary fossa contains what and is lined by what

A

contains pituitary

lined by dura

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36
Q

what is the cavernous sinus in relation to the pituitary fossa position wise

A

lateral to pit fossa

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37
Q

the ___ nerve opening leads into the ___ cave which is occupied by the ____ ganglion

A

trigeminal

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38
Q

what are the 3 components of the ventricular system

A

lateral ventricles and 3rd & 4th ventricles

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39
Q

what are the ventricles filled with

A

CSF

40
Q

what are the 3 parts that make up the brain stem

A

medulla (closest to the spinal cord), pons, midbrain

41
Q

the brain stem are behind what 2 bones

A

behind basilar part of the occipital bone and dorsum sellae

42
Q

what # of cranial nerves are the optic nerves

A

2nd cranial nerves

43
Q

what joins the 2 cerebral hemisphere

A

corpus callosum

44
Q

what structure is the peduncle under and what is below the peduncle

A

below corpus callosum

below peduncle is midbrain

45
Q

what fissure does the falx occupy

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

46
Q

what are the 2 hemispheres connected below by (externally)

A

2 cerebral peduncles converging on brainstem and also by floor of left ventricle

47
Q

what is the lateral sulcus in terms of what it separates and what direction is it

A

separates frontal lobe above from temporal bone below

48
Q

the central sulci runs to the ___ surface of the hemishphere and it is between which 2 lobes

A

medial surface

between frontal and parietal lobes

49
Q

the tip of the temporal lobe is the ___ and it is just aboce the __ ___

A

uncus

just above tentorial incisure

50
Q

the olfactory tract leads to what

A

olfactory bulb

51
Q

what emerges from the olfactory bulb

A

fibres from the first cranial nerve (olfactory nerve)

52
Q

what are the 4 parts of the lateral ventricle and which lobes of the brain are they situated in

A

anterior horn in frontal
body in parietal
posterior in occipital
inferior curls down and forwards into temporal

53
Q

the lateral ventricle communicates with the 3rd ventricle at where

A

interventricular foramen

54
Q

what process produces CSF

A

choroid process

55
Q

what is the path of the choroid

A

interventricular foramen opens into lateral ventricle, choroid process continues through IVF into the lateral ventricle

56
Q

the cerebral spinal fluid is formed in what ventricle and what path do they take to get to where they travel to next

A

lateral and 3rd produce csf

travels down into the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aquaduct

57
Q

what ventricle is the infundibulum associated with

A

floor of 3rd ventricle

58
Q

what are the 4 projections coming off the optic chiasm and what are the 2 lumps on the chaism near the bottom

A

optical nerve at the top x 2
optical tract coming off bottom x 2

mamillary bodies near bottom

59
Q

the pituitary fossa bulges down into what

A

into sphenoid sinus

60
Q

where is the hypothalamus in relation to the optic chiasm, 3rd ventricle and pituitary

A

between optic chiasm and floor of 3rd ventricle

above pituitary

61
Q

in terms of the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries what is its arrangement

A

ICA 2 coming off the top

vertebral arteries x 2 coming off the bottom donwards and join to form the basilar artery in the posterior cranial fossa

62
Q

the internal carotids gives off which 2 arteries

A

anterior cerebral artery and posterior communicating arteries

63
Q

what is the middle cerebral artery a continuation of

A

a extension of the anterior cerebral artery/internal carotid

64
Q

where do the 2 anterior cerebral arteries curve together and travel upwards to what structure

A

curve towards each other above chiasm and pass upwards and forwards close together to enter the longitudinal fissure

65
Q

the anterior cerebral arteries are connected by which artery at what structural landmark

A

connected by short anterior communicating artery

just above optic chiams

66
Q

what way does the middle cerebral artery curve and where does it enter

A

laterally

enters lateral cerebral fissure between frontal and temporal bones

67
Q

what is the basilar artery made up of

A

veterbral arteries

68
Q

what are the 4 branches that arise from the top of the basilar artery

A

2 posterior cerebral arteries

2 superior cerebral arteries

69
Q

the posterior cerebral artery curves __ and _____ above the ____ ___ ___ and curls around the ___

A

curves backwards and laterally above the ocular motor nerve and curls around the cerebral peduncle

70
Q

what is the posterior cerebral artery joined by which completes the arterial circle

A

posterior communicating artery

71
Q

veins emerge from what in the brain

A

sulci

72
Q

veins in the brain run upward in which dura layer

A

arachnoid

73
Q

veins drains into which spaces

A

venous sinuses

74
Q

what are the 4 venous sinuses

A

sagittal sinus x2
straight sinus
transverse sinus x2

75
Q

the 2 sagittal sinuses run the length of what

A

the falx

76
Q

the smaller inferior sagittal sinus runs on what border

A

falxs free border

77
Q

the larger superior-sagittal sinus runs along which border

A

along attached border of falx

78
Q

which way do the 2 sagittal sinuses flow

A

from front to back

79
Q

what are the 2 sagittal sinuses

A

inferior-sagittal and superio-sagittal

80
Q

the superior sagittal sinus is contained in what space enclosed by what

A

triangualr space enclosed by dura

81
Q

the side passages of the superior sagittal sinus are called what and where do they open into

A

lacunar open into the sinus

82
Q

veins from the surface of the brain open into ___

A

lacunae

83
Q

the superio-sagittal sinus ends where

A

where the falx and tentorium meet

84
Q

the confluence of the sinuses has what 2 channels of the venous blood - ie what is the name of the channles

A

transverse sinus

85
Q

the transverse sinus follows the attachment of what structure and what is its next path

A

tentorium

then turns sharply down into s shaped groove just behind the petrous temporal bone

86
Q

when the transverse sinus moves through the s shaped path it is known as

A

sigmoid sinus

87
Q

how many sigmoid sinuses are there and where are they

A

one on the left side of the head and one on the right side

88
Q

the sigmoid sinus leaves the cranial cavity by passing through which structure

what other structures travel through this structure

A

through jugular foramen

along with 3 cranial nerves

89
Q

what sinsuses drain the base of the skull

A

2 cavernous sinuses

90
Q

where is the cavernous sinus

A

space around the internal carotid artery

91
Q

the cavernous extends forward to which structure and backwards to which other structure

what is the sinus bounded by medially

A

forwards to superior orbital fissure

backwards to dorsum sellae

92
Q

the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus contains which 3 nerves

A

3rd, 4th and 6th

93
Q

what is the cavernous sinus bounded by medially

A

medially bounded by dura that lines pituitary fossa

94
Q

outside of the 3rd,4th and 6th nerves lies what structure

A

trigeminal ganglion

95
Q

outside the trigeminal ganglion is what

A

dura of middle cranial fossa

96
Q

what sinus is next to the cavernous sinus

A

sphenoid sinus

97
Q

the 2 cavernous sinuses are connected to each other behind which structure

A

behind the pituitary gland

302 MEDIMAGE (20 decks)

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