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302 MEDIMAGE > 5b. Abdomen HAL - Worksheet > Flashcards

5b. Abdomen HAL - Worksheet Flashcards

1
Q

the kidneys are located where in relation to peritoneum

A

retroperitoneum

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2
Q

what are the kidneys encased in in terms of fat

A

peri and pararenal fat pads

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3
Q

where are the kidneys located in relation to psoas major muscle and what other muscle is near it

A

located anterior to the psoas maj and quadratus lumborum muscles

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4
Q

what is noticeable about the perirenal fat pads around the kidney and their relation to each other and the IVC and Abdominal aorta

A

they are continuous across the midline

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5
Q

what might you expect to see in a case of trauma where one kidney has ruptured since the perirenal fat pads are continuous along the midline

A

blood in the retroperitoneum contained within the boundaries of the renal fascia, potentially crossing the midline

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6
Q

the hila of the kidney lie on what plane

A

L1 trans-pyloric plane

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7
Q

what key structures enter and exit the kidney at the hilum

A

renal artery enters, renal vein and renal pelvis exit

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8
Q

why is it difficult to attain a complete view of the renal vessels in the coronal plane

A

the aorta and IVC are relatively more anterior than the renal hila

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9
Q

why is it difficult to attain a complete view of the renal vessels in the axial plane

A

the renal vessels may descend slightly to the kidneys relative to their origin

left kidney is located higher than the right so not on same horizontal plane

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10
Q

which kidney is typically positioned more inferior, why?

A

right due to position and size of liver

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11
Q

what are the 3 main places that a kidney stone is likely to get stuck

A

pelvis ureteric junction (where ureters leave the renal pelvis)
pelvic brim/bifurcation of common iliac artery
vesico-ureteric junction (where ureters enter bladder)

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12
Q

which muscles do the ureters descend upon as they course from kidney to bladder

A

psoas major

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13
Q

the ureters are roughly in line with what parts of the lumbar spine

A

transverse processes (specifically the tips)

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14
Q

the psoas muscles fills what on either side of the transverse processes

A

paravertebral gutter on either side

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15
Q

what aspect of the bladder do the ureters enter at

A

posterior aspect

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16
Q

is the small bowel intra/retroperitoneal

A

intra

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17
Q

what parts of the large colon are intraperitoneal and which parts are retroperitoneal

A

ascending and descending are retroperitoneal

transverse and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal

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18
Q

the large intestine starts around what region of the abdomen

A

right groin

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19
Q

in what region of the abdomen does the ileum transition into the caecum

A

right groin

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20
Q

what region of the abdomen is the appendix

A

right groin

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21
Q

what region of the abdomen is the ascending colon

A

right flank

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22
Q

what region of the abdomen is the hepatic flexure

A

right hypochondrium

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23
Q

what region of the abdomen is the transverse colon

A

epigastric

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24
Q

what region of the abdomen is the splenic flexure

A

left hypochondrium

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25
Q

what region of the abdomen is the descending colon

A

left flank

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26
Q

what region of the abdomen is the sigmoid colon

A

left groin

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27
Q

what region of the abdomen is the rectum

A

pubic

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28
Q

where do you expect to find the ascending and descending colon

A

located relatively posteriorly within the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum

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29
Q

what is the alrge intestine filled with during life that helps to identify it on CT/MR

A

gas

and faeces but gas is more identifiable as a density

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30
Q

where is the small intestine jejunum to ileum situated in the abdomenn

A

situated relatively anterior and centrally within the abdomen and inferior to the transverse colon

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31
Q

what is the GI tract composed of

A

stomach and duodenum

32
Q

how would you describe the location of the stomach in the abdomen

A

anterior and left in epigastric region

33
Q

where do you expect to see bowel gas within the stomach on a cross sectional image

A

top of the screen within structure anterior of patient as gas has risen to top

CT and MR typically taken laying supine

34
Q

the duodenum is what shaped

A

C or G shaped

35
Q

what direction does the duodenum travel in

A

traverses to right (superior portion), descends and then traverses to the left (inferior portion) and then ascends before becoming the jejunum

36
Q

what does the inferior portion of the duodenum pass over (which vessel)

A

aorta

37
Q

in which plane do you expect to see the full length of the descending/ascending duodenum

A

coronal and/or sagittal

38
Q

in which plane do you expect to see the full length of the superior/inferior duodenum

A

axial and maybe coronal

39
Q

in the axial slice, what organ do you expect to see immediately to the left of the descending duodenum

A

head of pancreas

40
Q

the liver is located under what

A

right dome of diaphragm

41
Q

the anatomic system of dividing the liver into lobes produces what 2 lobes

A

right and left lobes

42
Q

what divides the liver into the right and left anatomic lobes

A

falciform ligament

43
Q

how many physiological lobes of the liver are there

A

8

44
Q

what divides the physiological lobes of the liver

A

venous architecture divides it into 4 columns

45
Q

what venous structure divides the physiological lobes of the liver into 4 columns

A

via 3 main hepatic veins

46
Q

what are the 3 hepatic veins

A

left, central and right

47
Q

what divides the left and right physiological lobes in cantlies line

A

central hepatic vein

48
Q

what vessel divides the liver into a superior and inferior half

A

2 main branches of the portal vein

49
Q

the caudate lobe is what segment and what does it drain into

A

segment 1

drains into the IVC

50
Q

the segment 4 gets split into what parts and where are they located in relation to which vessels

A

part A and B either side of left portal vein branch

51
Q

the gall bladder is located where in relation to the liver

A

pinned to and hangs from the postero-inferior surface of the liver

52
Q

what way does the gall bladder slope

A

slopes to the anterior

53
Q

what can be used to estimate cantlies line

A

gall bladder and IVC

54
Q

what is the difference between imaging and diagrams depicting the gall bladder and IVC relation

A

gall bladder is located anteriorly and to the right of the IVC but diagrams depict them as line antero-posteriorly

55
Q

the gall bladder drains into what structure

A

bile duct

56
Q

what 3 structures form the portal triad

A

hepatic artery and portal vein plus bile duct

57
Q

where is the portal vein in relation to the IVC

A

anterior

58
Q

what bit of the large bowel can you see inferior to the right lobe

A

hepatic flexure

59
Q

what other major solid organ is also closely attributed to the right lobe

A

right kidney

60
Q

what is the clinical significance of the livers relationship with the right kidney

A

hepatorenal pouch of Morrison is the most dependent part of the abdomen when supine and therefore is where the blood/fluids will collect and can be seen on imaging

61
Q

what is the difference between the IVC and the aorta that can help you differentiate them on the images

A

aorta is always more circular in axial cross section due to thick elastic muscular walls

IVC is often more ellipsoid nd flattened due to weaker walls and lower blood pressure

62
Q

the spleen is on what side of the abdomen

A

left side

63
Q

the 3 impressions on the visceral/internal surface of the spleen correlate to what 3 organs

A

stomach = ant and right of spleen
kidney = post and inf of spleen
splenic flexure = ant and inf of spleen

64
Q

what is the difference between the splenic artery and splenic vein in terms of structure

how does this relate to visualising them in images

A

splenic artery is very tortuous and is unlikely to get all in single slice

splenic vein is straight and therefore more likely see more

65
Q

what organ does the splenic vein course behind

A

pancreas

66
Q

what are the 5 sections of the pancreas

A

head, neck, body, tail and uncinate process

67
Q

what is a key anatomical relation to the uncinate of the pancreas to other organs around it in terms of location

A

posterior to the SMA and SMV

68
Q

what is a key anatomical relation to the head of the pancreas to other organs around it in terms of location

A

left of descending duodenum

69
Q

what is a key anatomical relation to the neck of the pancreas to other organs around it in terms of location

A

anterior to SMA and portal vein origin

70
Q

what is a key anatomical relation to the body of the pancreas to other organs around it in terms of location

A

anterior to splenic vein

71
Q

what is a key anatomical relation to the tail of the pancreas to other organs around it in terms of location

A

sits in hilum of the spleen

72
Q

can you see all parts of the pancreas in one level and one plane in imaging

A

no head, neck and body and some tail in one horizontal plane but to see the uncinate process, need to drop one level

73
Q

what do you notice about the head of the pancreas in comparison to other divisions

A

head has more vertical dimension than other components (eg sits on 2 levels while others site more on one)

coronal and sagittal therefore would show it entirety

74
Q

which important vein is formed behind the neck of the pancreas

A

portal vein

75
Q

what are the transpyloric plane structures

A

renal hila
pylorus of stomach
gall bladder fundus
SMA origin of aorta

302 MEDIMAGE (20 decks)

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