8.1 2 Transfer of Genetic Information

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

Physical and chemical characteristics that make up the appearance of an organism

Question 2

Phenotype result of

Answer 2

Of the genotype and the effect of the environment

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Segment of DNA coding for a particular protein or polypeptide

Question 4

Chromosomes that are a homologous pair

Answer 4

Carry the same genes for autosomes only

Question 5

Gene for a particular characteristic

Answer 5

Found in the same position of locus

Question 6

Alleles or gene variant

Answer 6

Different versions of the same gene

Question 7

Homozygote

Answer 7

An individual where both alleles coding for a particular characteristic are identical

Question 8

Heterozygote

Answer 8

An individual where the two alleles coding for a particular characteristic are different

Question 9

Dominance

Answer 9

Their effect is expressed whether the individual is homozygous its heterozygous for the allele

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

Only expressed when there individual is homozygous recessive

Question 11

Polygenic phenotype traits

Answer 11

Determined by several interacting genes

Question 12

True breeding

Answer 12

Breed to homozygotes all offspring will be the same

Question 13

Monogenic cross

Answer 13

Genetic cross where only one gene is considered

Question 14

Test cross

Answer 14

Homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals have the same phenotype
If want to make sure true so cross with a homozygous recessive individual
Reveals parental geneotype

Question 15

Sampling errors - why theoretical ratios are not seen

Answer 15

Chance plays a large role in reproduction
Some offspring die before they can be sampled
Inefficient sampling techniques