3.1 5 Domains ,kingdoms or both?

Question 1

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 1

patterns in DNA or RNA fragments are used as species identification
also comparsion in amino acid sequences of similar proteins in different species
varation in chromatography separate DNA and RNA fragments or proteins or amino acids according their size and charge

Question 2

process

Answer 2

wells filled with solution contain fragments
agarose plate buffer
restriction enzymes used
move towards positive electrode shorter fragments move faster and therefore further than longer fragments

Question 3

buffer solution

Answer 3

to maintain a constant pH

Question 4

Reference

Answer 4

known DNA or RNA fragments,proteins or amino acids to aid identifcation

Question 5

gel

Answer 5

contains dye that will bind to fragments and will fluoresce when placed under ub

Question 6

dye

Answer 6

also added to DNA smaples does not bind to the DNA but moves through gel slightly faster than DNA so current can be switched off before all the samples run of the end

Question 7

move towards

Answer 7

anode as negative charge on phosphate groups in the DNA

Question 8

when used to identify and compare amino acids in a particular protein

Answer 8

dyes not added to gel or mixture

Question 9

endosymbiotic theory mitochondria

Answer 9

cell engulf aerobic prokaryote as food
oxygen levels in atmosphere increase as photosynthetic prokaryotes appear
by chance in some cells some of the aerobic prokaryote is not digested .It uses oxygen for celluar respiration more efficent respiration allows cell to grow and reproduce more rapidly
aerobic prokaryotes become permanent feautures as mitochondira copies are mades and passed onto daughter cells during reproduction

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

peptidoglycan cell wall
mebrane lipids ester linked unbranched 
70s ribosomes 
plasmids
1 RNA polymerase 
can photosynthesise

Question 11

Archea

Answer 11

membrane lipids ester linked branched
70s ribsomes
plasmids
1 RNA polymerase

Question 12

eukaryotes

Answer 12

mebrane bound organelles
ester linked unbranched mebrane lipids
80s ribosomes
3 RNA polymerase
can phototsynthesie

Question 13

archea and bacteria

Answer 13

very different genetics

Question 14

Archea

Answer 14

replicate by binary fission controlled within a cell cule different from replicated of bacteria

Question 15

5 kingdoms

Answer 15

prokaryotes=Monera ,animals,plants,fungi and protista (single celled organisms and algae)

Question 16

six-kingdom classifcation system

Answer 16

work done using biochemical and DNA evidence

Question 17

Archaebacteria

Answer 17

ancient bacteria include extremophiles -bacteria that can survive under extreme conditons
normally can reproduce asexually

Question 18

Eubacteria

Answer 18

true bacteria and cyanobacteria usually reproduce asexually

Question 19

Protista

Answer 19

single cell organisms green algae brown algae and slime moulds mainly reproduce asexually

Question 20

fungi

Answer 20

unicellular and multi cellular
all heterotrophs (cannot make own food have to eat over organisms )
reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 21

plantae

Answer 21

multicellular
autotrophs
asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 22

animalia

Answer 22

multi-cellular
heterotrophs
invertebrate and vertebrates
most sexual reproduction