8. Skeletal Part II: Joints Flashcards
Part of the palatine bone that forms the palate
Horizontal plate
Part of the palatine bone that forms part of the FLOOR OF THE ORBIT
Perpendicular plate
True or False. Palatine bones form the Floor of the Orbit
True
Most common congenital orofacial defect
Cleft lip
Other name for cleft lip
Cheiloschisis
Syndrome or trisomy assoc with cleft lip or palate
Trisomy 13 or Patau Syndrome
Cleft lip tx follows RULE OF 10
10 weeks
10 lbs
10 g/dL Hemoglobin
>10,000 wbc
Cleft lip is more common to what gender
Male (Lip-Lalaki)
Cleft in the midline is aka
Hare lip or Median cleft lip
Cleft palate occurs between _ to _ of development
8 to 10 WEEKS
Cleft palate is treated in what age
12 to 18 MONTHS (delayed for speech dev)
Cleft palate is more common on what gender
Females (Palate-Pemale)
Clefts are common on what side
Left (cLEFT)
Cleft of the HARD Palate
Uranoschisis
Cleft of the SOFT Palate
Staphyloschisis
Primitive backbone
Notochord
Vertebrae was developed from what MESODERMAL embryonic structure
Somites
Total number of vertebrae in ADULTS
26
Total number of vertebrae in CHILDREN
33
Vertebra / Joint assoc with “YES”
C1 and Occipital bone = Atlantooccipital joint
Vertebrae / Joint involved with “NO”
C1 and C2 (Dens) = atlantoaxial joint
Vertebra with most prominent spinous process
C7
Vertebrae that has transverse foramen
C1 to C6
What passes through the transverse foramen
Vertebral artery
Vertebral artery is a branch of what artery
Subclavian artery
5 branches of Subclavian artery (VIT CD)
Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical Costocervical Dorsoscapular
3 branches of the ARCH OF THE AORTA
Brachiocephalic artery (R)
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery
Branches of the Brachiocephalic artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left and right vertebral artery forms what artery
Basilar artery
Left common carotid artery branches of into
Internal carotid
External carotid
Terminal Branches of internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Most common artery assoc with stroke (from what artery)
Lenticulostriate artery (branch of the middle cerebral artery)
Terminal branches of external carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Blood supply for ALL teeth (Mx and Mn)
Maxillary artery
Heart shaped vertebra
Thoracic vertebrae
Kidney or bean shaped vertebrae
Lumbar
Largest and strongest UNFUSED vertebra
Lumbar
STRONGEST VERTEBRA
Sacrum
How many sacrum in children
5
How many coccyx in children
4
Circle of willis is located in what part of the brain
Cerebrum
5 Arteries that form the circle of willis
Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Internal carotid artery Post communicating artery Post cerebral artery (optional)
All of the ffg are arteries of circle of willis except: Ant cerebral Ant communicating Int carotid Post cerebral Post communicating
Posterior cerebral artery*(optional)
Inflation of a vessel, specifically arteries
Aneurysm
Inflation of an artery specifically in circle of willis
Berry aneurysm
Infants have a single curvature which is concave anteriorly
Primary curvature
Adults have _ curvatures
Two - primary and secondary
Concave anteriorly
Primary curvature
Concave posteriorly
Secondary curvature
Vertebrae that remained as PRIMARY CURVATURES
Thoracic and Sacrum
Secondary curvatures
Cervical and Lumbar
3 structural classifications of joints
Fibrous (Fiss)
Cartilagenous (Cass)
Synovial
3 types of fibrous joints (Fiss)
Interosseous membrane
Sutures
Syndesmoses
-“desmo” meaning
Ligaments
Struc class: tibia and fibula
Fibrous joint: Interosseous membrane
Struc class: radius-ulna
Fibrous joint: Interosseous membrane
Struc class: skull
Fibrous joint: sutures
Formation of bony joint by bone apposition
Synostosis
Incomplete synostosis (frontal bone) = triangular head
Metopic suture (metopic synostosis)
Arrange in bundles of ligaments
Syndesmoses
Struc class: PDL
Syndesmoses — GOMPHOSIS
Gomphosis that undergo synostosis results to
Ankylosis of tooth
Struc class: epiphyseal plate
Cartilagenous: Synchondroses
Struc class: CRANIAL BASE
Cartilagenous: synchondroses
Bones that make up the cranial BASE (“Toes”)
Temporal (Petrous)
Occipital (Basilar)
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Struc class: ribs
Cartilagenous: synchondroses
4 cartilagenous: symphses
Pubic symphysis
Symphysis menti
Sternum
Intervertebral joints
Hyaline cartilage on the surface of bone and fibrocartilage sandwiched between the hyaline cartilage
Symphyses
Struc class: elbow
Synovial
Struc class: tmj
Synovial
Suture between right and left frontal bone
Metopic suture
How many synovial cavity in tmj
2 synovial cavities (inf:hinge movts; sup)
Non movable joints
Synarthroses
Slightly movable
Amphiarthroses
Freely movable
Diarthroses
Bone adjacent to tooth
Alveolar bone proper
Other name of ABP
Bundle bone or cribriform plate
Rx for abp
Lamina dura
Loss of lamina dura
Hyperparathyroidism
Dental manifestation of hyperparathyroidism
Periodontitis
Type of joint movt of sutures of skull
Synarthroses
Type of joint movt of vertebrae
Amphiarthroses
Type of joint movt of teeth/gomphosis
Amphiarthroses
Type of joint movt of shoulder joint
Diarthroses-ball and socket
Vit D def or Ca def AFTER epiphyseal closure (adult)
Osteomalacia
4 tmj ligaments
Lateral temporomandibular ligament
Articular Capsular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Vit D def or Ca def BEFORE epiphyseal closure (CHILD)
Rickets
Characteristic feature of rickets
Bowlegs
Excessive GH after epi closure (adult) bones widen only
Acromegaly
Dental malocc in acromegaly
Skeletal class III
Excessive gh before closure of epi plate (child)
Gigantism
Malocc in gigantism
Skeletal class III
Dwarfism due to decrease cartilage dev in the body
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Normal torso short limbs
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Dwarfism due to decrease growth hormone
Pituitary dwarfism
Ossification affected in achondroplastic dwarfism
Endochondral ossification only
Easiest bone to fracture or break
Clavicle
Bone fracture with no penetration (di naexpose sa ext envt)
Close or simple
Bone fracture with penetration (exposed)
Open or compound
Bone fracture: crushed
Comminuted
What type of bone fracture in GUNSHOT
Comminuted
Bone fracture similar to twig, one side broken, one side bent
Greenstick
Type of bone fracture common in children
Greenstick fracture
Treatment for fractures
Reduction and fixation
Fracture repair steps (sequence)
Hematoma
Fibrocartilagenous callus formation (soft)
Bony callus formation (hard)
Bone remodelling
How long is bone remodelling
6 months
Graft donor and recipient is the same
Autografts
4 autografts (FIST)
Fibula
Ilium
Scapula
Tuberosity
Most common donor site in autografts
Ilium or iliac crest
Most common intraoral donor site (autografts)
Tuberosity
Gold standard of grafting materials
Autografts
Gold standard/baseline of narcotics
Morphine
Gold standard of shade guides
Vita
Gold standard of mouthwashes
Chlorhexidine
Gold standard of resto materials
Amalgam and gold
Gold standard of cements
Zinc phosphate
Donor and recipient is genetically identical(twins)
Isograft
Donor and recipient is part of the same species (cadaver)
Allograft
Donor and recipient is not part of the same species
Xenograft
Most common xenograft
Bovine
Synthetic grafts
Alloplastic graft
Excessive porosity of bone due to rapid resorption of bone
Osteoporosis
Most common bone disorder more common to females due to dramatic LOSS OF ESTROGEN during menopausal stage
Osteoporosis
Drug of choice for osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive drugs that make bones denser. What complication can arise?
BIOJ
Densed bone due to radiation exposure. Destroys IAA = no blood supply =
Osteoradionecrosis
Abnormal or defective collagen resulting to hyperflexible joints
Ehlers-danlos syndrome
Other name for ehlers danlos syndrome
Rubberman syndrome
Most common form of arthritis due to ageing
Osteoarthritis
Wear and tear arthritis
Osteoporosis
Wear and tear pigment
Lipochrome or lipofuschin
Autoimmune disorder wherein immune cells attacks articular cartilage
Rheumatoid articular cartilage
Excessive uric acid that builds up in the blood
Gouty arthritis
Uric acid + sodium =
Crystallization
What nitrogen bases involved in uric acid formation
Purines: adenine and guanine
Pathognomonic sign of gout
Tophi bodies
Uric acid crystals in nephron are called
Nephroliths or kidney stones
Thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
Hunchback
Kyphosis
Lumbar curvature
Lordosis
Swayback or hollowback
Lordosis
Lateral curvature or S shape spine
Scoliosis
Extraoral headgear for scoliosis and developing skeletal class III
Milwaukee brace
Arthritis of the spine
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is aka
Marie-Strumpell Disease
2nd most common bone disorder: px complains denture or hat doesnt fit anymore
Pagets disease of the bone
Other name for pagets disease
Osteitis deformans
Doc for paget’s dse or osteitis deformans
Bisphosphonates
Rx of pagets dse
Cotton wool appearance
Hx of pagets dse
Jigsaw puzzle or mosaic bone pattern
Blood chem of pagets dse
Increase serum alkaline phosphatase
2 dses assoc with increase serum alkaline phosphatase
Pagets dse
Multiple myeloma
Malignancy of plasma cells
Multiple myeloma
Function of plasma cells
Secretes antibodies or immunoglobulins
Nucleus with cartwheel pattern
Plasma cells
Rx app of multiple myeloma
Punched out rx app
2 dses assoc with PUNCHED OUT RX APP
Multiple myeloma
Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease
Dse with histological app of CHINESE CHARACTERS
Fibrous dysplasia
3 dses with GROUND GLASS Radiographic app
“HAF GLASS”
Hyperparathyroidism
Albers- Schonberg
Fibrous dysplasia
Other names for Albers-Schonberg
Osteopetrosis
Marble bone disease
In board exam: other term for osteopetrosis go for typo =
Albrights
Bone infection due to staphylococcus aureus
Osteomyelitis
Abscess assoc with osteomyelitis
Brodie’s
Abscess assoc with Psoriasis
Monroe’s abscess
3 dses with Moth eaten rx appearance
Osteomyelitis
Ext root resorption
Ewings sarcoma
2 radiographic appearance of ewings sarcoma
Moth eaten rx app
Onion skin rx app
Onion shaped mechanoreceptor
Pacinian corpuscles
Dse with intracellular cholesterol accumulation with punched out rx appearance
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
L shaped paired bone
Palatine bones
