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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 26. Pharmacology IV (Classifications of drugs in ANS) > Flashcards

26. Pharmacology IV (Classifications of drugs in ANS) Flashcards

1
Q

“Analeptics”

A

Stimulants

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2
Q

Drugs used to increase nerve activity in the CNS
✔️ reverses CNS depressant effects
🔸 elevates adnergic nt
🔸stimulates release of NOREPI

A

Stimulants

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3
Q

BQ: “Most toxic drug”

A

Strychnine

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4
Q 
Amphetamines
Methylphenidate
Phendimethrazine
Xanthines
Strychnine
- are examples of what drugs?
A

Stimulants or Analeptics

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5
Q

BQ: Xanthines

Found in: Teas, coffee, colas, cocoa

A

Caffeine
Theophylline
Theobromine

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6
Q

BQ: What xanthines are used to treat Asthma?

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

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7
Q

BQ: the only OTC stimulant

A

Caffeine

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8
Q

BQ: Stimulants can be used to treat: (“PONDA”) 🐼

A 
(“PONDA”) 🐼🐼🐼
Parkinson’s disease
Obesity
Narcolepsy
Depression
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
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9
Q

Increase daytime sleepiness

Can be tx by stimulants

A

Narcolepsy

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10
Q

Disease caused by degeneration of dopamine producing cells in the brain

A

Parkinson’s disease

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11
Q

Site of dopamine production

A

Substantia NIGRA

✔️ Parkinson’s disease: Degeneration of substantia nigra

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12
Q

Basal ganglia degeneration

A

Huntington’s disease

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13
Q

Drug of choice for Parkinsonism

A

L-DOPA

🔸 Boards: (✔️anticholinergic)

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14
Q 
Other drugs for Parkinsonism:
✅ Increases dopamine
- 
-
-
✅Anticholinergic
- Major :
- Minor/slight:
A 
Other drugs for Parkinsonism:
✅ Increases dopamine
- L-Dopa (DOC!✨)
- MAO-I
- Stimulants

✅Anticholinergic

  • Major : Belladonna alkaloids (Atropine/Scopolamine)
  • Minor/slight: “DiTriBeAM”
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15
Q

BQ: What are the drugs that causes Parkinsonism-like symptoms?

A

1st generation antipsychotic agents

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16
Q

Division of the Autonomic nervous system regulated mainly by ACETYLCHOLINE

✅ REST AND DIGEST 💆🏼‍♀️🍌🍒🍉

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Division of ANS regulated mainly by NOREPINEPHRINE

✅ Fight 👊🏻 or Flight ✈️
- Stress and Emergency situation

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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18
Q

Neurons before the ganglion

A

Pre ganglionic neurons

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19
Q

Neurons after the ganglion

A

Post ganglionic neuron

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20
Q

Neurons releasing ACH

A

Cholinergic neurons

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21
Q

Cholinergic neurons:

A
  1. Motor neurons in NMJ
  2. All pregang neurons (symp/para)
  3. Postgang of Parasymp
  4. Postgang of Sweat glands(symp*)
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22
Q

Nicotinic receptors are found:

A

Skeletal muscle
All Postganglionic neurons
Chromaffin cells

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23
Q

Muscarinic receptors are found:

A

All effector organs of parasymp

Sweat glands

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24
Q

Neurons releasing Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic neuron

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25
Q

Adrenergic neuron found on:

A

Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons

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26
Q

Adrenergic receptors are found:

A

All effector organs of Sympathetic

EXCEPT: SWEAT GLANDS 🙅‍♀️

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27
Q

BQ: Most numerous Adrenergic receptor seen in the BLOOD VESSEL

A

Alpha 1

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28
Q

Effect of Alpha 1

A

BV: Vasoconstriction
BP: ⬆️

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29
Q

Effect of Alpha 2:

A

Vasodilation

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30
Q

Effect of Beta 1:
❤️ :
kidney:

A

❤️

  • Inotropic : ⬆️ Force of contraction
  • Chronotropic : ⬆️ Heart rate

KIdney: ⬇️ function

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31
Q

Beta 2
Lungs:
BV:

A

Beta 2:
Bronchodilation/relaxation**
Vasodilation ** (⬇️BP)

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32
Q

Alpha 1 / Beta 1 and 2 agonist

A

Dopamine

  • A1 = ⬆️BP ✨
  • B1 = ⬆️❤️
  • B2 = Bronchodilation
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33
Q

Beta 1 and 2 receptor agonist

For: ✅Asthmatic attacks

A

Isoproterenol (✅Asthmatic attacks)

  • B1: ⬇️BP
  • B2: bronchodilation
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34
Q 
BQ: Receptors of Norepinephrine
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Alpha/Beta
D. None
A

C. Alpha/Beta
Mainly: A1/A2 (“norA”)
Weak: B1/B2

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35
Q

Most potent alpha agonist

A1/A2 and B1/B2 agonist

A

Epinephrine

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36
Q

Norpinephrine is used for:

(mainly: A1) : “norA”

A

Hypotension

A1 = ⬆️ BP

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37
Q

BQ: Doc for Anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine (1:1000 IM)

During anaphylactic shock
BV: dilated = ⬇️BP
Bronchoconstriction

Epinephrine:
A1/A2 (⬆️BP)
B1/B2 (Bronchodilation)

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38
Q

Alpha 2 selective agonist

⬇️BP = drugs nato for HYPERTENSION

A

Clonidine (Catapres)

Methyldopa

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39
Q

Adrenergic Drugs that activate SYMPATHETIC nervous system but effect is Parasympathetic
✅ Alpha 2 = ⬇️BP

A

Clonidine

Methyldopa

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40
Q

“Sympathetic drug” used for Hypertensive patients

A

Alpha 2 selective agonist:
Clonidine (Catapres)
Methyldopa

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41
Q

Adrenergic Drug that can be used to treat CHF

A

A1 and B1 selective agonist

- Dobutamine

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42
Q

Selective Adrenergic drugs for ASTHMATIC ATTACKS

A

Beta 2 selective agonist
✅ Terbutaline
✅ Albuterol👶🏻 - Salbutamol👨🏻

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43
Q

Amphetamines activates what adrenergic receptors

A

Amphetamines - A1/A2 and B1/B2

Stimulants

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44
Q

Stimulates Release of NOREPINEPHRINE from adrenergic nerve terminal
(indirect)✔️

A

Tyramine

Mephentermine

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45
Q

Epinephrine: direct / indirect acting?

A

direct acting

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46
Q

Norepinephrine: direct / indirect acting?

A

Direct

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47
Q

Tyramine : direct/indirect?

A

Indirect

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48
Q

Mephentermine: Direct/Indirect?

A

Indirect

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49
Q

Amphetamine: direct/indirect/mixed?

A

Mixed acting!

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50
Q 
BQ: All of the ffg drugs can reverse acute asthmatic attacks EXCEPT:
A. Alpha receptor agonists
B. Beta receptor agonists
C. Ephedrine
D. Epinephrine
A

A. Alpha receptor agonist

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51
Q

BQ: Norepinephrine can also reverse the lethal effects of anaphylactic shock. True or False?

A

False

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52
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

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53
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

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54
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

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55
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

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56
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

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57
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

A

Asthma

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58
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

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59
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

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60
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

61
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

62
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

63
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

64
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

65
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

66
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

67
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

68
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

69
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

70
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

71
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

72
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

73
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

74
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

75
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

76
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

77
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

78
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

79
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

80
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

81
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

82
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

83
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

84
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

85
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

86
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

87
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

88
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

89
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

90
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

91
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

92
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

93
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

94
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

95
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

96
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

97
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

98
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

99
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

100
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

101
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

102
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromocytoma and also for hypertension

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

✅ during removal of pheochromocytoma
⬆️DoNE = ⬆️A1 receptor = ⬆️BP (need to block A1)

103
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

104
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
✅ can also be used for presurg management of pheochromocytoma

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

105
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

106
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

107
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

108
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

109
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

110
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

111
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

112
Q

BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma

A

Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)

113
Q

BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker

A

Prazosin (-osin)

114
Q

Competitive agonist of A1 receptors
✅ hypertension
✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)

115
Q

(-OSIN)

A

Non selective alpha blocker

116
Q

(-OLOL)

A

Non selective beta blocker

117
Q

BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:

118
Q

BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol ➡️ asthma)

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

119
Q

Primary use of Non selective beta blocker

A

Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)

120
Q

Doc for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

121
Q

BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?

122
Q

Competitive antagonists of beta-1 receptors
✅anti arrythmia
✅for angina pectoris
✅for hypertension

A

Selective Beta 1 adrenergic blocker

123
Q

(-ILOL) and (-ALOL)

A

Beta adrenergic blocker w/ Alpha 1 blocker

124
Q

Example of beta blocker with alpha 1 blocker

A

Carvediol (for hypertension)

125
Q

Affects both alpha and beta adrenergic neurons but predominantly alpha (seen: post gang neuron)

A

Adrenergic neuron blockers

126
Q

BQ: antipsychotic + antihypertensive

127
Q

BQ: Adrenergic neuron blockers

A

Guanethidine

Reserpine

128
Q

BQ: “causes transient hypertension then hypotension”

129
Q 
BQ: Which drug causes "Epinephrine Reversal"
A. Beta blocker
B. Alpha blocker
C. Adrenergic agonist
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
A

B. Alpha blocker

130
Q

BQ: Doc for Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Pilocarpine

131
Q

Acetylcholine-like drugs

A 
Bethanechol chloride
Carbochol
Pilocarpine
Muscarine
Nicotine
132
Q

Drugs binding to acetylcholinesterase to inhibit its function

A

Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine

(✅MYASTHENIA GRAVIS)

133
Q

Doc for myasthenia gravis

A

Acetylcholinesterase

134
Q

Can cause respiratory depression; due to absence of acetylcholine in nmj

A

Anticholinergic overdose

135
Q

Anticholinergic or cholinergic blockers

A

Atropine / Scopolamine
Propantheline
Methantheline

136
Q

BQ: drug used to reverse cholinergic drugs

A

Anticholinergic drugs

137
Q

BQ: Glaucoma is contraindicated to what drugs?

A 
Diazepam
Anticholinergic drugs (meperidine)
138
Q

Inhibits ANS (symp and parasymp) to produce hypotension

A

Ganglionic blocking drugs

139
Q

“1st ganglionic blocker”

A

Hexamethonium

140
Q

“Bloodless field surgery”

A

Mecamylamine

141
Q

Ganglionic blocking drugs (2)

A

Hexamethonium

Mecamylamine

142
Q

Relaxes skeletal muscles = “Muscle paralysis”

Interact with nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle

A

Neuromuscular blocking agents

143
Q

Example of non depolarizing NBA

A

Pancuronium bromide

Mivacuronium

144
Q

Effects of (-curonium) drugs from curare can be reversed by

A

Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine

Antiacetylcholinesterase

145
Q

Example of depolarizing NBA

A

Succinylcholine

146
Q

Other name for succinylcholine

A

Suxamethonium

147
Q

BQ: Succinylcholine is for

A

Laryngospasm

148
Q

Example of Muscle relaxants: (2)

A

Botulinum toxin

Dantrolene

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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