25. Pharmacology III (Steroidal Drugs-Alcohol) Flashcards
Drugs with suffix of -sone and -lone
Steroidal drugs
Mechanism of action of STEROIDS: Inhibits what enzyme?
Inhibits phospholipase A2❌
Resulting to decrease Arachidonic acid⬇️
*Pharmacologic uses of steroids:
✅Anti-inflammatory- ❌prostaglandins/prostacyclins
✅ Immunosuppressant - induces “Lympholysis” (sinisira yung lymphocytes) - used during AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
✅ Prevents graft rejection and prosthetic rejection
- ex. End stage renal disease: kidney transplant=para hindi iattack ng immune system ung kidney grafts)
✅Treatment for Addison’s disease (⬇️cortisol)
- give corticosteroids bec it is similar to cortisol
BQ: rx app of corticosteroids
Bilateral mandibular radiolucency
Corticosteroids are used for treatment of Addison’s disease; but it may cause Addison’s disease for normal patients (adrenal cortex atrophy)
- Zona fasciculata waits for “ACTH” coming from Anterior pituitary gland before secreting cortisol
- Ant pit gland receives “CRH” from the Hypothalamus
- If patients take CORTICOSTEROIDS which mimics cortisol = iniisip ng hypothalamus ⬆️cortisol levels so i-⬇️ CRH; ⬇️ACTH; ⬇️cortisol = ADDISON’S DISEASE
BQ: Before surgical extraction, what will you do if the patient is under long term steroidal therapy
“Double the dose”
Antipsychotic drugs are aka: (3)
Major tranquilizers
Neuroleptic agents
Hallucinogens
Drugs that affect mood and mental process
Antipsychotic drugs
Type of psychotic disorders caused by EXCESSIVE DOPAMINE LEVELS
Schizophrenia
Deficient dopamine levels ⬇️
Parkinson’s
*“potent D2” dopamine receptor antagonist than D1
First generation antipsychotic drugs
Adverse effect of First generation antipsychotic drugs
Extra pyramidal syndrome or “Tardive dyskinesia” or “Parkinsonism like symptoms”
BQ: First generation antipsychotics drugs (pinapaexcept sa boards)
Phenothiazines - (Chlorpromazine)
Butyrophenones - (droperidol)
Thioxanthenes
“Weak D2” receptor antagonist
Second generation antipsychotic drugs
Adv of second generation vs first gen antipsychotic drugs
No tardive dyskinesia in 2nd gen
ex. clozapine
“bipolar disorder”
Manic-Depressive syndrome
DOC for Manic depressive syndrome/ Bipolar disorder:
Antipsychotic drug: “LITHIUM ION”✅
Pag mania lang nacocontrol ng lithium ion add antidepressant: “TCA” (amitriptyline
BQ: most common TCA: for depression
Amitriptyline
Patients presents with “Tic”
Tic:
- habitual spasmodic muscle contractions
- uttering words
Tourette’s syndrome
Tx for tourette’s syndrome
Antipsychotics
- (depresses CNS:”major tranquilizers”)
Major tranquilizers
Antipsychotics = MAJOR TRANQUILIZERS
Minor tranquilizers
Antiseizure/Anticonvulsants
BQ: drugs with Slight anticholinergic effects
Diphenhydramine hcl Tricyclic antidepressants Benzodiazipines Antipsychotics Meperidine
“Feeling of inner restlessness”
- paradoxical Side effect of antipsychotics (dapat pinapakalma)
Akathisia
Lithium ion is doc for
Manic depressive syndrome or Bipolar disorder
BQ: what is the antipsychotic drug with antihypertensive properties?
Reserpine
BQ: Which of the ffg drugs can be used to treat parkinsonism-like symptoms? A. Anticholinergic B. Narcotics C. Anti depressant D. None of the above
Anticholinergics!!!!!
(doc for parkinsons=LEVA DOPA✅
- Other drugs that can be used:
- stimulants
- MAO-I
- anticholinergics✨📌
BQ: Drugs used for Neuroleptic Analgesia
Narcotic Butyrophenones Nitrous oxide (N2O2) "laughing gas"
Nervous disorder characterized by a state of uneasiness and apprehension, typically with panic attacks
Anxiety
“anxiolytics”
Anti-anxiety drugs
Drug therapy for anxiety
Antianxiety drugs (minor tranquilizers) Antidepressant drugs - nagkakaron ng depression ung may mga anxiety
BQ: Most common antianxiety drug
Diazepam
Other benzos used for antianxiety
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorazepate
DIAZEPAM - MOST COMMON ✨
BQ: Produces SEDATION and RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (“SNAB”)
"SNAB" Sedatives Narcotics Alcohol Benzodiazepines
“unipolar disorder”
Depression (depressed cns)
Type of depression due to external stimuli (may reason kaya ka depressed)
Exogenous depression
Type of depression which doesnt involve external stimuli (sariling pag iisip mo lang yung nagccause ng depression)
Endogenous depression
Antidepressant Mechanism of Action:
Elevates ADRENERGIC NT/ “excitatory nt” (⬆️DoNES) = ☺️☺️☺️
BQ: Antidepressant drugs (3)
- TCA - possess slight anticholinergic effects
- MAO-I : inhibits MAO ~ ⬆️ Dones (excitatory nt/adrenergic nt/happy hormones)
- SSRI - ⬆️serotonin only
Tx for depression where brain is stimulated using electricity
- used if hindi na effective yung drugs bec depressed yung CNS = no electrical activity
Electroshock therapy
BQ: most common tricyclic antidepressant drug
amitriptyline
Examples of TCA:
Amitriptyline Protriptyline Imipramine Desipramine Doxepin
Drugs that interact with MAO-I and will produce HYPERPYREXIA
Meperidine✅✨
SSRI
Epinephrine
Ephedrine: weaker effects than epinephrine
BQ: drug contraindicated with MAO-Inhibitors
Meperidine (Demerol)
CNS Depressants (“SNAB”)
"SNAB" Sedatives Narcotics Alcohol Benzodiazepines
Alcohol inhibits what hormone? Which results to ⬆️urine output
Inhibits antidiuretic hormone ❌
Alcohol can cause permanent nerve damage or nerve necrosis. It is sometimes used as treatment for what Disease?
Tic douloureux (severe pain)
BQ: Doc for Tic douloureux
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
BQ: What is the drug used for ALCOHOLISM?
Disulfiram
- “antabuse agent” or anti abusive drug
- doubles or triples side effects of alcohol : para matrauma yung patient.
