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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 1. Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

1. Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Provides shape and does not allow Osmosis?

A

Cell wall

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2
Q

What is the function of HISTONES?

A

Attachment

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3
Q

Which has a “bead on strings” appearance?

A

Chromatin

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4
Q

BEFORE cell division

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

DURING cell division

A

Chromatid

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6
Q

Function of Nuclear pores?

A

Passageway

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7
Q

This is the inactive condensed X chromosome?

A

Barr bodies

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8
Q

Female without barr body? ( 44X0 )

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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9
Q

Male with one barr body? ( 44XXY )

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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10
Q

Female with 3 barr bodies? (44XXX)

A

Superwoman Syndrome / Triple X syndrome

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11
Q

Charac of Klinefelter syndrome

A
  • Gynecomastia
  • Micropenis
    Dental: bull’s teeth / TAURODONTISM
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12
Q

Stage 1: Iris/Target/Bullseye lesion

A

Erythema multiforme

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13
Q

Stage 1-
2-
3-

A

1- Erythema multiforme
2 - Steven Johnson Syndrome
3 - TEN / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

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14
Q

Disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi? (Tick)

A

Lyme disease

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15
Q

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is initiated by what digestive organelle?

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

3 Types of Nuclear Changes during Apoptosis?

A

Karyolysis - dissolution
Pyknosis - shrinks or napipi
Karyorrhexis - fragments (samurai X)

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17
Q

4 other names of KREB CYCLE

A

Citric acid cycle
Aerobic glycolysis
Aerobic respiration
Tricarboxylic cycle of

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18
Q

3 ways to produce ATP

A

Kreb cycle
Glycolysis
Creatine phosphate

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19
Q

4 Fuels for Kreb cycle

A

Fatty acids
Amino acids
Oxygen
Pyruvate

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20
Q

Fuel for Glycolysis

A

Glucose

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21
Q

Fuel for creatine phosphate

A

Creatine phosphate

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22
Q

End products of kreb cycle

A

36-38 ATP
CO2
H20

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23
Q

End prod of Glycolysis

A

2 Atp
2 pyruvate

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24
Q

End prod of Creatine phosphate

A

1 Atp
1 creatinine

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25
Q

Site for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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26
Q

Other term for protein synthesis

A

Translation

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27
Q

Ribosomes are composed of what type of RNA

A

rRNA

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28
Q

Ribosomes are created where?

A

Nucleolus

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29
Q

PURINES “Pure As Gold”

A

Adenine
Guanine

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30
Q

PYRIMIDINES

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

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31
Q

Nucleic bases that are both DNA/RNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

32
Q

Nucleic base wc is only a RNA

A

Uracil

33
Q

Nucleic base which is only a DNA

A

Thymine

34
Q

Direct end product of transcription

A

mRNA

35
Q

Basic structures of proteins

A

Amino acids

36
Q

Amino acids are made up of what elements

A

CHON

37
Q

Newly synthesized DNA (Duplicate)

A

Okazaki fragments

38
Q

Female px breath smells like nail polish remover. What possible disease

A

Diabetes

39
Q

Smells like acetone

A

Ketone bodies

40
Q

Excessive breakdown of Fats

A

Lipolysis

41
Q

2 possible sites for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes
RER

42
Q

Normal FBS level

A

70-100 mg/dL

43
Q

How many hours to fast? (FBS)

A

8-12 hrs

44
Q

After eating: what state are you in? Inc in FBS

A

Hyperglycemic state

45
Q

During hyperglycemic state, BETA CELLS of pancreas secrete

A

Insulin

46
Q

Insulin sensitive cells

A

Liver
Skeletal muscles
Adipocytes

47
Q

Is Convertion of glucose to fatty acids possible?

A

Yes

48
Q

Is conv of FA to glucose possible?

A

NO

49
Q

During hypoglycemia ALPHA CELLS of the pancreas secrete _ to maintain FBS

A

Glucagon

50
Q

Limit of glycogen

A

2lbs

51
Q

Excess glycogen converted to

A

Fatty acids stored in Adipocytes

52
Q

Shape of adipocytes

A

Signet ring

53
Q

Process: Glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

54
Q

Process: proteins to glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

55
Q

Packaged products of Golgi app

A

Lysosomes

56
Q

Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern

A

Centrioles

57
Q

Cell with cartwheel NUCLEUS or clockface

A

Plasma cells

58
Q

Inc surface area of a cell for ABSORPTION

A

Microvilli

59
Q

Lining of stomach to anus

A

Simple columnar with MICROVILLI

60
Q

Has a brush border appearance

A

Microvilli

61
Q

9+2 pattern arrangement

A

Cilia

62
Q

Cilia is common in the - and _

A

Respiratory epithelium
Fallopian tube

63
Q

Lining of respiratory epi

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells

64
Q

Motile, common in sperm cell and bacteria

A

Flagella

65
Q

Impt in mucus production, traps dust

A

Goblet cells

66
Q

Helps in excretion of mucus

A

Cilia

67
Q

What initiates flagellar act and chemotaxis

A

Chemotactic agent

68
Q

Movt of flagella

A

Flagellar activity

69
Q

Movt of org from pt A to pt B

A

Chemotaxis

70
Q

Number of sperm to fertilize an egg

A

100-250m

71
Q

Chemo agent of sperm

A

Any round object (egg)

72
Q

Sperm can penetrate egg using

A

Acrosome - Hyaluronidase

73
Q

Protective covering of egg

A

Hyaluronic acid

74
Q

Mitochondria of sperm are located in

A

Tail or base of head

75
Q

Part of cell that allows OSMOSIS?

A

Cell membrane

76
Q

Enlarged / dilated part of Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal Cisternae

77
Q

Used to detect kidney problems

A

Creatinine

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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