8 - Language Acquisition 1 Flashcards
At what age does babbling start? (Language 1 Developmental)
4 months
At what age is the first word? (Language 1 Developmental)
1 year
At what age does word combinations start? (Language 1 Developmental)
2 years
At what age does grammatical constructions start? (Language 1 Developmental)
4/5 years
What is the nativist argument to language acquisition? (Language 1 Developmental)
Too complex to be learnt so quickly
What is the behaviourist argument to language acquisition? (Language 1 Developmental)
Language is learned by the standard process of operant and classical conditioning
What is the interactionist argument to language acquisition? (Language 1 Developmental)
Language is a product of the interaction between biology and the environment
What did Chomsky believe in terms of the naturist argument? (Language 1 Developmental)
There is a module in the brain that has necessary parameters for native language development
What did Skinner believe in terms of the naturist argument? (Language 1 Developmental)
Language was reinforced
What did Bates believe in terms of the naturist argument? (Language 1 Developmental)
Perceptual learning abilities are folded by culture and society
What is phonology? (Language 1 Developmental)
Speech sounds
What is grammar? (Language 1 Developmental)
Putting words together
What is syntax? (Language 1 Developmental)
Arrangement of words into sentences
What is morphology? (Language 1 Developmental)
Using markers to indicate meaning e.g. ‘ed’ for past tense
What is semantics? (Language 1 Developmental)
Word meanings
What is high amplitude sucking procedure and how does it work? (Language 1 Developmental)
- Used to measure phonology
- Dummy attached to a computer
- Measures how often the infant sucks, how long for etc
Who devised the intro-utero speech hypothesis? (Language 1 Developmental)
Kisilevsky et al 2003
What is the intro-utero speech hypothesis? (Language 1 Developmental)
Foetus can remember and recognise voices they were exposed to parentally
What is categorical perception? (Language 1 Developmental)
Classification of continuous stimuli into distinct boundaries
What did Werker and Kuhl find? (Language 1 Developmental)
- Infants can discriminate against speech sounds
- This ability declines over the first year
What two categories can non-native perception be? (Language 1 Developmental)
- Unimodal
- Bimodal
What is unimodal perception? (Language 1 Developmental)
- 1 category
- Instances clustered around the middle
What is bimodal perception? (Language 1 Developmental)
- 2 categories
- instances cluster around the edges
What is segmenting the speech stream? (Language 1 Developmental)
Breaking in the words of sentences
What three ways did Saffran et al 1996 suggest indicate a child to put the break in a sentence? (Language 1 Developmental)
- Prosody (changes in pitch)
- Pauses
- Correlations (statistical regularities)
What does infant directed speech aid? (Language 1 Developmental)
Isolation of words
