19 - Gender 2

Question 1

At what age do gender based preferences occur? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 1

Around the age of 3

Question 2

What is gender boundary maintenance? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 2

• A process by which gender group boundaries are maintained

- Boys are more likely to initiate and maintain group boundaries than girls

Question 3

What type of stereotype develops at what age? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 3

• Object & activity stereotypes = 3 years
• Personality stereotypes = 5 years
• Occupational stereotypes = 5-7 years
• Ceiling levels reached = 7 years

Question 4

What psychologists found evidence for the role of parents in gender development? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 4

• Willis et al (1976)
• Fagot (1978)
• Gender role socialisation
• Eccles (2005)

Question 5

What did Willis et al (1976) find? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 5

Parents smiled more at 6 month old ‘Beth’ and gave her a doll, than 6 month old ‘Adam’

Question 6

What did Fagot (1978) find? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 6

• Girls are encouraged to dance/play with dolls etc
• Boys are encourages to play with trucks/building blocks
• Discouraged from gender-inappropriate toys

Question 7

How does gender role socialisation influence gender development? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 7

Parents beliefs and stereotypes influence:

• Goals/expectations they have for the child
• How they perceive their child’s interests
• How they interact with their children

Question 8

What did Eccles (2005) find? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 8

Expectancy value theory (parental gender beliefs affect):

• Judgement on children competence
• Childs future performance
• Opportunities parents give their children

Question 9

What psychologists found evidence for the role of siblings in gender development? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 9

• Golomok et al (2000)

- McHale et al (2001)

Question 10

What did Golomok et al (2000) find? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 10

• The sex of the older sibling was associated with gender-role behaviour of the younger siblings
• Same sex siblings were more stereotypical
• Older brother was associated with masculinity in young males and females

Question 11

What did McHale et al (2001) find? (Gender 2 Developmental)

Answer 11

• 1st born had greater influence from parents, than siblings

- 2nd born had a greater influence from siblings, than parents