11 - Intelligence

Question 1

What is intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 1

The capacity to complete certain tasks

Question 2

What did Spearman (1904) find in relation to general intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 2

Positive correlations between differing abilities (if you were good at one factor, you were good across all parts of school)

Question 3

What is factor analysis? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 3

A method used to describe variability among observed and correlated variables

Question 4

What is fluid intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 4

Basic reasoning ability and problem solving that can be applied to a range of problems

Question 5

What are characteristics of fluid intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 5

Highly heritable and biologically based

Question 6

What is crystallised intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 6

Factual knowledge about the world (generally culturally specific)

Question 7

What is the assumption between crystallised intelligence and fluid intelligence? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 7

If one has high levels of fluid intelligence, they will have high levels of crystallised intelligence

Question 8

Who devised the three-stratum theory? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 8

Carroll (1993)

Question 9

What does the three-stratum theory do? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 9

A meta analysis, taken three ways of measuring intelligence

Question 10

What are the three principles of stratum theory? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 10

1) Narrow abilities
2) Broad abilities
3) General intelligence

Question 11

What is the equation for IQ? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 11

Mental age ÷ physical age x 100

Question 12

What do IQ score identify within children? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 12

Those who may not benefit from mainstream education

Question 13

What are the advantages of IQ? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 13

+ Predictable
+ Shows continuity
+ Good predictor of academic and occupational attainment
+ Informs social policy

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of IQ? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 14

• Too simplistic
• Culturally bias
• Test relies on representative population testing, not populations changing over time

Question 15

What are the ethical implications of IQ testing? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 15

• Judgements
• Individuals confidence
• Teacher expectations
• Identifiable differences lead to stereotyping

Question 16

What is the relationship between the home and IQ scores? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 16

Those with a wealth of resources tend to have higher IQ scores and parents with with IQ scores

Question 17

What did Cahan & Cohen (1989) find about the influence of schooling? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 17

• Non-scholastic achievement has a steady positive relationship with age and IQ score
• Scholastic achievement jumps between different stages of ages

Question 18

What is the Flynn effect? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 18

The rise of fluid and crystallised intelligence over time

Question 19

What is the quote by Seigler et al? (Intelligence Developmental)

Answer 19

‘The negative effects of poverty on childs IQ are indisputable’