13 - Emotions 1 Flashcards
What are the two crucial parts of the interaction between emotional development and the environment? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Experience dependency
- Experience expectancy
What is experience dependency? (Emotions 1 Development)
Infants will grow differently depending on experience
What is experience dependency? (Emotions 1 Development)
The infant is primed to expect a certain input
What is the human nest characterised by? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Soothing
- Affectionate touch
- Responsively
- Free play
- Social embeddedness
What can human nest practices predict? (Emotions 1 Development)
Children social-emotional and cognitive abilities
What is becoming increasingly common is raising children? (Emotions 1 Development)
Adverse childhood experiences e.g. neglect
What has decreased as a result of moving away from nest practices? (Emotions 1 Development)
Lower levels of secure attachments
What are western child practices seen as? (Emotions 1 Development)
‘Spirit killing’
What did Mahler (1975) believe? (Emotions 1 Development)
Most important process of emotional development is the process of separation-individuation
What is separation-individuation? (Emotions 1 Development)
A developmental process through which an individual negotiates self-other boundaries
What is duality of human experience? (Emotions 1 Development)
Wanting to exist sometimes, and other times not
What are the three stages of separation-individuation? (Emotions 1 Development)
1) Infant to differentiate from caregiver, without detachment
2) Symbolic phase, then individuation-seperation phase
3) Individual personhood/autonomy
What age does the symbolic stage occur at? (Emotions 1 Development)
0 - 5 months
What age does the individuation-seperation phase occur at? (Emotions 1 Development)
6 - 24 month
What is the symbiotic phase? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Infant is a closed system
- Symbiosis occurs (state of dual unity where caregiver does everything)
What is the individuation-seperation phase? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Differentiation of self and others
- Breakdown of symbiotic relationship
- Deflation of omnipotence (feeling of being powerful)
- Infant mourns over the loss of symbiotic relationship
What is the equilibrium of a child related to? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Closeness during symbiotic phase
- Caregiver sensitivity and adaptiveness
- Childs experiences in the world
What three ways can transformation of personhood be seen? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Self awareness
- Move from dyadic to self regulation
- Attachment vs authenticity
What is self awareness? (Emotions 1 Development)
The capacity to reflect on the self as an object in the environment
At what age is self awareness hypothesised to be at? (Emotions 1 Development)
24 months
What is one way of measuring self awareness and how is this task performed? (Emotions 1 Development)
- Litmus test
- Place a mark on the child’s head
- Child looks into a mirror
- Some will make the connection that it is a reflection, others will ignore this
Who studied self conscious emotions? (Emotions 1 Development)
Lewis et al (1989)
