12 - Nature vs Nurture Flashcards
What is the most important predictors for educational and occupational levels? (NvsN Developmental)
General and specific cognitive abilities
What does heritability of cognitive ability increase with? (NvsN Developmental)
Age
What are the three ways the effects of nature can be measured? (NvsN Developmental)
1) MZ vs DZ twins
2) Twins reared apart vs together
3) Siblings
What are the two ways the effects of nurture can be developed? (NvsN Developmental)
1) Biological vs adoption parenting
2) Adoptive vs non-adoptive families
What is the equation for phenotypic variation? (NvsN Developmental)
p = h² + c² + e²
In the phenotypic equation, what does h² stand for? (NvsN Developmental)
Heritability
In the phenotypic equation, what does c² stand for? (NvsN Developmental)
Shared environment
In the phenotypic equation, what does e² stand for? (NvsN Developmental)
Non-shared environment
In twins designs, how is h² measured? (NvsN Developmental)
h² = 2(rMZ - rDZ)
In twins designs, how is c² measured? (NvsN Developmental)
c² = rMZ - h²
In twins designs, how is e² measured? (NvsN Developmental)
e² = 1 - rMZ
