5 - Temperament 1

Question 1

What are the three main approaches to temperament? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 1

• Paediatric
• Personality tradition
• Individual differences

Question 2

Who devised the paediatric approach to temperament and in what year? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 2

Thomas and Chess 1997

Question 3

Who devised the personality tradition approach to temperament and in what year? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 3

Buss and Plomin 1987

Question 4

Who devised the individual differences approach to temperament and in what year? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 4

Rothbart and Bates 1998

Question 5

What was the main argument for the paediatric approach? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 5

To react against the behaviourist notion, suggesting individuals are unique and not predictable

Question 6

How was data taken for the paediatric approach? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 6

Home visits, interviews and observations

Question 7

What were the 3 categories and relative percentages for the paediatric approach? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 7

• Easy = 40%
• Difficult = 10%
• Slow to warm up = 15%

Question 8

What is the issues with categorising in the paediatric approach? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 8

The definitions are value laden

Question 9

What is the main argument for personality tradition and why is this important? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 9

• Inherited traits appear, specifically in the first year of development
• This differentiates temperament from other behavioural categories

Question 10

Why is assessing adults accurately improbable? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 10

They are conditioned to social norms and values, which they adhere to

Question 11

What are the three constituents in personality tradition and how do they relate to the big five personality factors within adults? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 11

• Emotionality (neuroticism)
• Sociability (Extra/introversion)
• Activity

Question 12

What is the main argument of individual differences approach to temperament? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 12

Traits should be constituent over situation and time, but different between people

Question 13

What do the three main theories for temperament agree with? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 13

• Genetic in nature
• Temperament emerges in early life
• Temperament is a set of traits, not the trait itself

Question 14

What two constituents do all three theories agree with? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 14

• Activity level

- Emotionality

Question 15

What is the relationship between age and temperament? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 15

As age increases, temperament becomes more stable

Question 16

What is the clinical application of temperament? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 16

Moving away from tabula-rasa idea and moving towards a goodness/poorness of fit model

Question 17

What is goodness of fit? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 17

When a child’s capacity, motivation and temperament are adequate to master the demands of the environment

Question 18

What is the interactionist approach? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 18

Behaviour is part temperament and part context

Question 19

What view does the idiographic approach hold? (Temperament 1 Developmental)

Answer 19

Methods should be tailored for the individual, not one to fit a whole population