21 - Anxiety

Question 1

What is fear? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 1

• Aversive, active state entered on threat
• Identifiable eliciting stimulus
• Functional emotion

Question 2

What is anxiety? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 2

• Apprehension of future dangers
• Avoidance behaviours
• Mean age of onset is around 11 years old

Question 3

What did Bauer (1976) find? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 3

As age increases, fear of monsters and animals decrease, but dear of death increases

Question 4

What were the 5 reliable factors Ollendick (1983) used to measure fear? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 4

• Death/danger
• Unknown
• Failure/criticism
• Animals
• Stress

Question 5

What did Ollendick, King and Frary (1989) find? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 5

• Top fears were related to dangerous situations and physical harm
• Girls reported more fear items than boys

Question 6

What is the relationship between sexuality and anxiety? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 6

• High femininity/low masculinity are associated with anxiety
• Gender role orientation is a high predictor of fear than biological sex
• Displays of fear are seen as acceptable for females, and not for males

Question 7

How does fear & anxiety relate to the EEA and now for each age group? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 7

• Baby = immediate, concrete threat
• 9 months = differentiating between familiar and unfamiliar faces
• 3 years = magical thinking e.g. monsters
• 6 years = increased mobility of the external worlds leads to fear of small animals
• 7+ years = infer cause and effect relationship, anticipating the negative consequences leads to worry

Question 8

What is the biological association to behavioural inhibition (temperament)? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 8

• Cautious reflections to unfamiliar stimuli

- Amygdala and hypothalamic circuits

Question 9

High behavioural inhibition is a risk factor for what? (Anxiety Developmental)

Answer 9

• Phobias
• Anxiety disorders
• Panic, social phobias and OCD