6 - Temperament 2 Flashcards
What are the 7 stages of Ainsworth’s strange situation? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
1) Mother, infant & experimenter
2) Mother & infant alone
3) Mother leaves infant & stranger
4) Mother returns & stranger leaves
5) Mother leaves (infant alone)
6) Stranger returns
7) Mother returns & stranger leaves
What are the two fundamental qualities needed within the mother for a secure attachment to form? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- Responsiveness
- Accessibility
What was the main predictor of security of attachment in 1978? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
Maternal sensitivity
Who coined the notion of interactional synchrony? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
Isabella et al 1989
What is asynchronous behaviour? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
The child being over-stimulated and over engaged by the mother
What is synchronous behaviour? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
Mother understanding the needs of the child and respecting them
What did Bell 1971 find and how? (Temperament 2 Developmental)`
- Most distressed infants were found to have insecure attachments in later life
- Removal of dummy
What is meant by the term mechanisms? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
Those with easier temperaments are easier to comfort and vice versa
What did Seifer et al 1996 state? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
Temperament is as important as maternal sensitivity when predicting attachment security
What was Van Den Boom’s 1994 method? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- One group taught intervention technique and 2 contact hours per week
- Other group left
- Intervention group mothers showed more responsiveness to infants
What was Van Den Boom’s 1994 findings? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- Intervention group mothers showed more responsiveness to infants
- Temperament of the infant had also changed e.g. willingness to explore
What was important with Van Den Boom’s 1994 participants? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
They were a high risk sample, e.g. low socio-economic status
What are internalised problems and give examples? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- Behaviour that distresses the individual only
- Depression, anxiety
What are externalised problems and give examples? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- Behaviour that affects those around the individual
- ADHD, ASD
What did Thomas and Chess find when looking at Masai tribes in Africa? (Temperament 2 Developmental)
- Difficult babies were more likely to survive
- Evolutionary constraints are no longer and issue in the western world
