7th SS Chapter 9 Guided Reading Flashcards
What is the political, economic and social problems faced to the North?
Political - Disagreement about how to bring the South back into the Union and what to do with the newly freed African Americans.
Economic - Soldier needed jobs but factories were laying off because o cancelled war orders. Boom times quickly returned.
Social - Northern farms and cities were hardly touched , so life was quickly returned to before the war except for the thousands of soldiers who suffered wounds from the war.
What were the political, economic and social problems faced by the South?
Political - It was unclear how they would run their government - whites that held office in the Confederacy were forbidden from politics.
Economic - Little chance of taking up were they left off - much was destroyed (houses, barns, and bridges); 2/3 of the railroads were destroyed; cities were leveled; financial system was wrecked
Social - Overnight there was a new social class - 4 million people known as freedman.
What was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?
Lincoln wanted to make it fairly easy for southerners to rejoin the Union. The sooner the nation was reunited the faster the South would be able to rebuild.
What was included in the 10% Plan?
- A state could form a new government after 10% of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the Union.
- The new government had to abolish slavery.
- Voters could elect members of Congress and take part in the national government again.
- This plan also offered amnesty, or a government pardon, to Confederates who swore loyalty to the Union.
What was the name of the rival Reconstruction plan?
Wade-Davis Bill
What were the provisions?
- Required a majority of white men to swear loyalty to the Union.
- Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy.
What new agency was created to help the former salves?
Freedman’s Bureau
What was the date of Lincoln’s assassination?
April 14, 1865
Who was president now?
Andrew Johnson
What was the 13th amendment?
Banned slavery throughout the nation
Since Republicans felt Johnson’s plan was too mild what did they do?
When the new Congress met, Republicans refused to let southern representatives take their seats. Instead they set up a joint committee for form a new plan for the south.
What did Black Codes do?
Are laws that severely limited the rights of freedman.
What were some things Black Codes forbade?
- To vote
- Own guns
- Serve of juries
Why were Republicans angry at Johnson’s plan?
- By placing too few restrictions on the South, Johnson’s plan encouraged southern legislatures to pass black codes.
- violence against freedman
Who led the Radicals?
Thaddeus Stevens
What were their two main goals?
- To break the power of wealthy planters who long ruled the South.
- Ensure freedman received the right to vote.
What did Congress pass to combat the Black Codes?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
What did the 14th Amendment give to the freedman?
It gave them the ability to defend their rights if they could vote by defining a citizen “as all persons born or naturalized in the United States”
What happened in New Orleans that helped Republicans win majorities in both houses of Congress?
Riots - 34 African Americans were killed
When was the first Reconstruction Act passed?
March 1867
What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
It divided the southern states into 5 military districts each governed by a military general.
How could states rejoin the Union?
- Had to write a new constitution
- Ratify the 14th Amendment
- Allow African Americans to vote
Why did Republicans control the Southern states?
The 14th Amendment barred former Confederate officials from voting and many other white southerners stayed away in protest. Protected by the army, freedman exercised their right to vote and most favored Republicans
Since Johnson stood against the Radicals what did they decide to do?
To try to impeach, or remove, Johnson from office
What happened?
The plan failed. Johnson was founded not guilty of treason.
Who won the election of 1868?
U.S. Grant
Which slave states were exempt from the rules of Radical Republicans? Why?
- Delaware
- Maryland
- Kentucky
- Missouri
Because they had been loyal to the Union.
What did the 15th amendment state?
Forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
When was the 15th amendment ratified?
1870
What three groups replaced old leaders of the South?
- White Southern Republicans - Scalawags
- Northerners in the South - Carpetbaggers
- African Americans
Which two African Americans were the first to serve in the Senate?
- Hiram Rhodes Revels
2. Blanche K. Bruce
What was one of the most dangerous secret societies formed to help the Southern whites regain power?
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
What did Congress do in 1870 to try to combat the violence of the groups like the Klan?
Congress made it a crime to use force to keep people from voting.
What were some improvements made by the Reconstruction government?
- Built public schools for both black and white children
- Many states gave women the right to own property
- Built railroads
- Built telegraph lines
- Built bridges
- Built roads
What were some of the political controversies surrounding there government?
- Taxation without representation
2. Widespread corruption
Why weren’t Southerns successful in returning to their old crops?
- Greater competition from foreign producers resulting in lower prices according to the laws of supply and demand
2.
3.
What happened to the Radical Republicans in the 1870s?
They died down.
What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do?
It restored the right to vote to all white southerners.
What three southern states remained under Republican control by 1876?
- Tennesee
- South Carolina
- Florida
Why was this deal called?
The Compromise of 1877
What was the political impact of Reconstruction?
It (the South) remained a Democratic stronghold
How did Southerners restrict the voting rights of the Negro?
- Poll Tax
- Literacy Test
- Grandfather clause
What were Jim Crow laws trying to accomplish?
Legal segregation
What case made this separation legal?
Plessy V. Furgurson
What happened as new southern leaders worked to expand the economy?
1.Textile mills
2.Tobacco industry
3.Farming came back
4.The lumber industry grew
5.
By what year was the Southern economy more balanced?
1900
Which regions of the nation was growing more rapidly than the South?
The North and West
What is a sharecroppers?
A person who rented and farmed a plot of land from a large plantation. Plantation owners would provide seed, fertilizer, and tools in return for a share of the crops at harvest time.
