7th SS Chapter 8.4 - 8.6 Guided Reading Flashcards
What were the three Union strategies?
- Used its navy to blockade southern ports
- Aimed to sieze Richmond, VA - the Confederate capital
- Seized control of the Mississippi River
What were the two Confederate strategies?
- Fight a defensive war till the Union tired of fighting
2. Counted on European money and supplies to help fight the war
*About how far was Richmond, the Confederate capital, from Washington, D.C., the Union capital?
100 miles
*The 1st Battle of Bull Run - Date? Place? Jackson? Outcome?
Date - July 21, 1861
Place - Manassas
Jackson - Stood like a “stonewall”
Outcome - Union troops panicked and ran
Who was appointed head of the Union Army after the defeat at Bull Run?
George McClellan
What was McClellans greatest problem?
He was very cautious
What was McClellans first campaign and was it successful?
The Peninsula Campaign - It failed
What were the names of the two ironclad ships that fought an epic battle in 1862?
North - Monitor
South - Merrimack
Where did the battle take place and who was the victor?
Hampton Roads, Virginia near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.
Despite an exhausting battle neither vessel was seriously damaged the other and both withdrew
*The Battle of Antietam - Date? Place? Importance? Outcome?
Date - September 1861
Place - Sharpsbury, Maryland
Importance - Northern moral improved - North was able to claim victory since the South ordered forces to withdraw. Bloodiest day battle in American military history.
Outcome - Neither side was a clear winner
What were two important victories for the Confederate in late 1862 and 1863?
- Battle of Fredericksburg
2. Battle of Chancellorsville
*What important and valuable Confederate General was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
Stonewall Jackson
Was the western branch of the Union forces doing better or worse than the eastern branch?
Better
The Battle of Shiloh - Date? Place? Importance? Outcome?
Date - April 1862
Place - Shiloh, Tennessee
Importance - Helped the Union gain control of the Mississippi River - they now controlled both ends
Outcome - Union won
What general was in charge of forces at Shiloh?
General Grant
*What major city on the Mississippi River was captured in April 1862?
New Orleans by general Farragut
Why did Lincoln decide to emancipate the slaves living in Confederate territory?
He knew that emancipation would weaken the Confederacy’s ability to carry on the war.
At the start of the war how many slaves worked for the Confederacy?
3 million
*Why was Lincoln hesitant to free the slaves?
He did not want to anger the slave owners in the Union - there were 4 slave states in the Union
*What gave Lincoln the boost he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863?
The victory at Antietam gave him the boost he needed
Describe Union military service for African Americans.
- At first, all black units were commanded by white officers, they only served as laborers and received half the pay
- African American soldiers protested this policy of discrimination and gradually conditions changed
- In 1863, African American soldiers were fighting in major battles
- In 1864, African American soldiers were given equal pay.
By what date did African Americans receive full pay?
1864
*Which was the most famous of the African American regiments?
54th Massachusetts Regiment
What did the 54th do on July 18, 1863?
They led the attack on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina
Who was the first of the 16 African American soldiers to win the Congressional Medal of Honor?
Sergeant William Carney