7th SS Chapter 7.1 Guided Reading

Question 1

The Industrial Revolution started in _______ in the mid-1700’s.

Answer 1

Britain

Question 2

James Hargreaves built the _________ in 1764 and Edmund Cartwright built the ________ in 1780’s.

Answer 2

Spinning Jenny; Loom

Question 3

What is a capitalist?

Answer 3

A person who invest in a business in order to make money.

Question 4

How did British industrial technology make its way to the United States?

Answer 4

Samuel Slater memorized the plans from the factories and sneaked it into the United States.

Question 5

What brought workers and machinery together in one place to product goods?

Answer 5

The Factory System

Question 6

What is demand?

Answer 6

The readiness of people to purchase goods or services

Question 7

What is supply?

Answer 7

The amount of goods available for sale.

Question 8

What is scarcity?

Answer 8

The limited supply of goods or services.

Question 9

What is credit?

Answer 9

Borrowed money.

Question 10

Who did Samuel Slater work with to build the first successful textile mill in the United States?

Answer 10

Moses Brown, a Quaker capitalist

Question 11

Who pioneered interchangeable parts?

Answer 11

Eli Whitney

Question 12

Interchangeable parts would save _____ and _____.

Answer 12

Time and money

Question 13

What provided a boost to American industries?

Answer 13

War of 1812

Question 14

The first factories were built in Pennsylvania and _______.

Answer 14

New England

Question 15

When will the price of a good be high?

Answer 15

When the product is in high demand and supply is limited.

Question 16

_________ found a way to improve on British textile mills.

Answer 16

Francis Cabot Lowell

Question 17

Who were the Lowell girls?

Answer 17

The Lowell Company hired girls to work in their mills. These girls usually worked in the mills for a few years before returning home to marry.

Question 18

Why were small children especially useful in textile mills?

Answer 18

Because they could squeeze around the large machines to change the spindles.

Question 19

Working in the mills long - ___________ and six days a week.

Answer 19

12 hour a day

Question 20

The Industrial Revolution had a great impact on ______.

Answer 20

home life

Question 21

The movement from rural areas to cities is called ____.

Answer 21

urbanization

Question 22

Name some of the hazards of urbanization.

Answer 22

1. dirty streets - garbage and sewage
2. disease
3. polluted water
4. no sewers
5. dirty air

Question 23

Name some of the attractions of the cities.

Answer 23

1. theaters, museums, and circuses
2. could shop at fine stores
3. could buy ready to wear clothing
4. could visit a variety of speciality stores

Question 24

Name five inventors and their inventions of this time period.

Answer 24

1. Philo Stewart - cast iron stove
2. Joseph Henry - electric current could be sent through a wire over long distances to ring a bell
3. Thomas Davenport - type of electric motor
4. Eliass Howe - sewing machine
5. Isaac Singer - improved Howe’s sewing machine

Question 25

Name three inventors of farm equipment and their inventions.

Answer 25

1. Jethro Wood -iron plow with replacement parts
2. John Deer - improved Wood’s plow by making it with light weight steel
3. Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper

Question 26

Samuel F.B. Morse received a patent for a ______ in 1844.

Answer 26

Telegraph

Question 27

In 1829 an English family developed a stream powered ___________ to pull rail cars. ___________ built the first U.S. stream locomotive.

Answer 27

Locomotive Engine; Peter Cooper

Question 28

By 1860, the Midwest and the East were united by a a network of _________.

Answer 28

railroads

Question 29

What was the key to successful trade at sea?

Answer 29

Speed of the Yankee Clippers

Question 30

Machines that were driven by steam were ________ and _______.

Answer 30

Powerful and cheap to run

Question 31

Name four benefits of free enterprise.

Answer 31

1. lowered prices
2. raised purchasing power
3. wages increased
4. raised the standard of living

Question 32

Name some hazards found in factories.

Answer 32

1. no cooling or heating
2. no safety
3. frequent accidents

Question 33

Why did more than 1.5 million Irish people migrate to the United States between 1846 and 1860? They found jobs as _____ and ____.

Answer 33

They were seeking freedom from hunger and British rule. They found jobs as factory workers and servants.

Question 34

Where did the second largest group of immigrants to the United States come from between 1820 and 1860?

Answer 34

Germans

Question 35

Who felt that immigrants threatened the future of American-born citizens?

Answer 35

Nativists

Question 36

What was the nickname of the political party that called for stricter citizenship laws?

Answer 36

Know-Nothing Party

Question 37

Free African Americans in the North faced _______?

Answer 37

discrimination