7th SS Chapter 7.1 Guided Reading Flashcards
The Industrial Revolution started in _______ in the mid-1700’s.
Britain
James Hargreaves built the _________ in 1764 and Edmund Cartwright built the ________ in 1780’s.
Spinning Jenny; Loom
What is a capitalist?
A person who invest in a business in order to make money.
How did British industrial technology make its way to the United States?
Samuel Slater memorized the plans from the factories and sneaked it into the United States.
What brought workers and machinery together in one place to product goods?
The Factory System
What is demand?
The readiness of people to purchase goods or services
What is supply?
The amount of goods available for sale.
What is scarcity?
The limited supply of goods or services.
What is credit?
Borrowed money.
Who did Samuel Slater work with to build the first successful textile mill in the United States?
Moses Brown, a Quaker capitalist
Who pioneered interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts would save _____ and _____.
Time and money
What provided a boost to American industries?
War of 1812
The first factories were built in Pennsylvania and _______.
New England
When will the price of a good be high?
When the product is in high demand and supply is limited.
_________ found a way to improve on British textile mills.
Francis Cabot Lowell
Who were the Lowell girls?
The Lowell Company hired girls to work in their mills. These girls usually worked in the mills for a few years before returning home to marry.
Why were small children especially useful in textile mills?
Because they could squeeze around the large machines to change the spindles.
Working in the mills long - ___________ and six days a week.
12 hour a day
The Industrial Revolution had a great impact on ______.
home life
The movement from rural areas to cities is called ____.
urbanization
Name some of the hazards of urbanization.
- dirty streets - garbage and sewage
- disease
- polluted water
- no sewers
- dirty air
Name some of the attractions of the cities.
- theaters, museums, and circuses
- could shop at fine stores
- could buy ready to wear clothing
- could visit a variety of speciality stores
Name five inventors and their inventions of this time period.
- Philo Stewart - cast iron stove
- Joseph Henry - electric current could be sent through a wire over long distances to ring a bell
- Thomas Davenport - type of electric motor
- Eliass Howe - sewing machine
- Isaac Singer - improved Howe’s sewing machine
Name three inventors of farm equipment and their inventions.
- Jethro Wood -iron plow with replacement parts
- John Deer - improved Wood’s plow by making it with light weight steel
- Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper
Samuel F.B. Morse received a patent for a ______ in 1844.
Telegraph
In 1829 an English family developed a stream powered ___________ to pull rail cars. ___________ built the first U.S. stream locomotive.
Locomotive Engine; Peter Cooper
By 1860, the Midwest and the East were united by a a network of _________.
railroads
What was the key to successful trade at sea?
Speed of the Yankee Clippers
Machines that were driven by steam were ________ and _______.
Powerful and cheap to run
Name four benefits of free enterprise.
- lowered prices
- raised purchasing power
- wages increased
- raised the standard of living
Name some hazards found in factories.
- no cooling or heating
- no safety
- frequent accidents
Why did more than 1.5 million Irish people migrate to the United States between 1846 and 1860? They found jobs as _____ and ____.
They were seeking freedom from hunger and British rule. They found jobs as factory workers and servants.
Where did the second largest group of immigrants to the United States come from between 1820 and 1860?
Germans
Who felt that immigrants threatened the future of American-born citizens?
Nativists
What was the nickname of the political party that called for stricter citizenship laws?
Know-Nothing Party
Free African Americans in the North faced _______?
discrimination
