7.3 The endocrine System

Question 1

glands

Answer 1

pituitary, pineal, adrenal, pancreas, testes, ovaries, hypothalamus, thymus, thyroid

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

a regulatory substance produced in an organism to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
- secreted by endocrine glands

Question 3

circulating hormones

Answer 3

• travel around the body in blood
• adrenaline and testosterone

Question 4

local hormones

Answer 4

• act on neighboring cells without entering blood
• glucagon and serotonin

Question 5

how circulating hormones are regulated

Answer 5

by feedback loops

Question 6

examples on how hormones are influenced

Answer 6

• signals from nervous system (adrenaline)
• chemical changes in blood (insulin)
• other hormones (GHRH) - growth hormone

Question 7

negative feedback loop

Answer 7

• involves a response that is the reverse of the change detected
• functions to reduce the change

Question 8

positive feedback loop

Answer 8

• involves a response that reinforces the change detected
• functions to amplify the change

Question 9

hypthalamus

Answer 9

• part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland
• neuerohormones such as (GHRH) and somatostatin directly influence pituitary gland
• nerve impulses stimulate pituitary gland

Question 10

pituitary gland

Answer 10

• located in the brain below hypo
• stimulates many organs and glands
• secretes hormones
• ADH: (antidiuretic hormone) – water and temperature
  regulation (circulating)
• GH (growth hormone) - growth of bones and muscles, and maintains tissues and organs (circulating)

Question 11

endocrine vs exocrine

Answer 11

• endocrine: releases hormones directly into the bloodstream. ex) pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, pancreas
• exocrine: secretes enzymes ex) pancreas

Question 12

GHRH

Answer 12

stimulates pituitary gland and releases the growth hormone into the bloodstream (local)

Question 13

somatostatin

Answer 13

stimulates pituitary gland (local)