6.3 component of fitness Flashcards
1
Q
physical fitness
A
- relates to an individuals physical ability to perform a specific task
- variety of ways to assess this
2
Q
performance-related physical fitness
A
- individual’s physical ability to perform a specific sport
includes: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed
3
Q
health-related fitness
A
- individuals physical ability to maintain health and perform activities of daily living
includes: body comp, cardio-respiratory fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance, strength
4
Q
major body components of fitness
A
THERE’S 10!!!
5
Q
body composition
A
- proportion of an individual’s total body mass that is made up of fat and fat-free mass
- body fat- essential fat in tissues and organs , and stored fat for energy reserves
- fat-free mass- what makes up the rest of the total mass (muscle, water, bone).
- high levels of body fat can lead to pathological disorders
- low body mass= fat mass that is too low (anorexia) and/or muscle mass that is too low (sarcopenia)
6
Q
cardiorespiratory fitness
A
- the ability to take in, deliver and use oxygen for aerobic processes.
- also known as aerobic capacity
- maximum oxygen uptake (max rate that oxygen can be used during max exercise levels)
- low levels- associated with diseased states and lead to shorter lifespan
- high levels- observed in endurance trained athletes (can tolerate higher levels of physical activity)
7
Q
strength
A
- the ability to generate force by a muscle or muscle group
- supported by muscle mass available. ability to activate that muscle mass and coordination of muscle activity
- dependent on both neutral and muscular systems
8
Q
speed
A
- The change of distance with respect to time when movement occurs.
- Can be whole body or a particular joint or muscle group
- Combination of biomechanics and physiology (and psychology needed to reach max speed)
- Usually measured by time it takes to complete activity, but need to apply strength quickly helps determine speed.
- Explosive activities (jumping and throwing) rely on speed of movement.
- More relevant for performance related fitness than health related fitness
9
Q
power
A
- Rate of doing work
- Combination of force and velocity (strength and speed).
- Determined by the same factors as strength and speed.
- high forces require more of an emphasis on strength
- Low forces require more of an emphasis on speed
- also referred to as Muscular Power.
10
Q
muscular endurance
A
- Ability of a muscle or muscle group to maintain force or power.
- Also described as fatigue-resistance at a local muscular level
- Involves active physiology of muscle cells (enzymes and metabolites involved)
- Nervous system also play an important role (sending messages to muscle cells)
11
Q
flexibility
A
- Ability to move through the full range of motion around a joint.
- Determined by: capacity of muscles and tendons to stretch, ligament condition, joint mechanics, size and shape of bones.
12
Q
agility
A
- Ability to rapidly change direction or speed.
- May or may not be in response to stimulus (could be part of the physical activity or reaction time in response to stimulus)
- Determined by: the ability to accelerate and decelerate the body, power, speed, flexibility, balance, peripheral vision, anticipation, and experience.
13
Q
balance
A
- Stability of the body.
- Center of gravity needs to be maintained above the supporting base of the body.
- Coordinated contraction and relaxation of postural muscles in response to position changes. (neuromuscular systems involved)
- Regulated by visual and proprioceptive processes.
Sense position and respond to sensory information in a coordinated manner.
14
Q
reaction time
A
- The duration between the presentation of a stimulus and the associated response.
- Depends on neuromuscular systems
- Detect stimuli, process information, sending a response, effectors act accordingly.
- Reaction time lab!
15
Q
health-related fitness testing
A
- evaluate health and identify weaknesses, relative to healthy “norm”.
- can assist with diagnosis, severity of disease, and prognosis.
- monitor progress over time as a result of intervention
- ex: An individual with a high Body Mass Index (BMI) put on an exercise training plan and medication. Checks back after six weeks to see if BMI has decreased.
Educate patients and participants and design individual exercise training programs.
