3.2 Carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all the biochemical reactions that occur with an organism including anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

energy requiring reaction whereby small molecules are built up into larger molecules

Question 3

catabolism

Answer 3

chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules with net release energy

Question 4

aerobic

Answer 4

requires oxygen

Question 5

anaerobic

Answer 5

does not require oxyegn

Question 6

what type of molecule is glycogen and describe is structure

Answer 6

• polysaccharide
• when the diet provides more glucose than the tissues require, your body stores glucose as glycogen

Question 7

where is glycogen stored?

Answer 7

in the liver and skeletal muscle

Question 8

glycogenesis

Answer 8

formation of glycogen

Question 9

hydrolysis

Answer 9

when our body requires glucose, we break down each glucose molecule by hydrolysis

Question 10

where are triglycerides stored?

Answer 10

skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and adipocytes (fat cells)

Question 11

2 functions of insulin

Answer 11

1) causes cells to take up more glucose. liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in the form of glycogen
2) causes fat cells to take in blood lipids and turns them into triglycerides

Question 12

glucose transporters

Answer 12

used during exercise:
muscle contraction stimulates the translocation of glucose transporters so glucose can enter muscle without the use of insulin.

Question 13

insulin-reduced transporters

Answer 13

• takes place during phases of no exercise
• therefore, exercise lowers the concentration of insulin in the blood and reduces its function in glucose transporters.

Question 14

why is it important to keep a balanced diet?

Answer 14

we can max out on glycogen stores but not adipose tissue because it will expand

Question 15

explainnn

Answer 15

• During exercise, your muscles contract and uses
  glucose to make energy.
• Exercise simultaneously increases
  insulin sensitivity (smaller amount of insulin to
  decrease blood sugar) and decreases insulin
  secretion (so more glucose will be available in
  blood stream).
• Muscles contractions stimulate the translocation
  of glucose transporters. Insulin is not required
  for glucose to enter cells. More efficient than
  insulin-induced transporters.
• After exercise, your muscles replenish their
  glycogen stores with glucose using insulin.

Question 16

glycogenolysis

Answer 16

• break down of glycogen to glucose
• occurs as a result of glucagon- liver only
• occurs as a result of adrenaline- muscle only
• in the liver, breakdown of glycogen results in elevated blood sugar
• in the muscle, breakdown of glycogen is used by the muscle for energy, no release of glucose into the blood

Question 17

lipolysis

Answer 17

• process of releasing triglycerides from the body’s fat stores as fatty acid
• fatty acids will be released into the bloodstream to undergo metabolism for energy
• cells can uptake fatty acids to use in glycolysis

Question 18

the functions of glucagon and adrenaline during fasting and exercise

Answer 18

• during fasting and exercise, blood glucose levels drop which stimulates the release of glucagon

Question 19

glucagon

Answer 19

• stimulates glycogenesis
• activates lipolysis
• low blood sugar also stimulates adrenaline which acts as glucagon in the process of glycogen breakdown and lipolysis