7.2 structure and function of brain

Question 1

principal structures

Answer 1

cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, cerebullum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongota

Question 2

principal lobes

Answer 2

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 3

Brain stem

Answer 3

• consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongota
• respiratory and cardiovascular control

Question 4

Diencephalon

Answer 4

• sits on top of the brain stem
• thalamus: perception of sensations (pain, temp, pressure) and cognition
• hypothalamus: control of autonomic nervous system, heart rate, blood pressure, pituitary gland, body temp, appetite, thirst, fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

• helps smooth and coordinate sequences of skeletal muscle contraction
• regulates posture and balance
• makes possible all skilled motor activities
  ex) catching a ball, dancing

Question 6

Cerebrum

Answer 6

responsible for high-level brain functions such as thinking, language, emotion, & motivation
1. sensory- receiving impulses from body
2. association- interpreting and storing input and initiating response
3. motor- transmitting impulse to effectors

Question 7

Cerebral lobe functions (frontal lobe)

Answer 7

• aspects of association such as reasoning, motivation, planning, emotions, and problem-solving
• contains speech and movement motor areas

Question 8

Parietal lobe

Answer 8

• somatic sensory and motor areas linked to movement, body awareness, orientation, and navigation
• contains symbolic and speech association areas

Question 9

Occipital lobe

Answer 9

• visual sensory and association center

Question 10

Temporal lobe

Answer 10

• auditory sensory and association area
• many aspects of long-term and visual memory

Question 11

Limbic lobe

Answer 11

• emotion
• behavior
• motivation
• long-term memory

Question 12

blood supply to the brain

Answer 12

• aorta —–> brachiocephalic trunk (branches into right common carotid artery) —–> common carotid arteries (supplies brain with oxygenated blood, divides to form external and internal arteries) —-> right and left internal carotid arteries (feeds the circle of willis) —-> right and left external carotid arteries (feeds base of skull and lateral portions of brain and head) —–> circle of willis (critical arterial circle at base of brain, receives blood from the internal carotids) —-> blood-brain barrier (capillaries surrounded by a network of glial cells called astrocytes, allows certain substances like water, oils, glucose, insulin to pass from blood to cerebrospinal fluid, blocks larger compounds and foreign substances)

Question 13

principal source of energy for brain cells

Answer 13

glucose & oxygen ——-> bbb to undergo aerobic respiration ——-> ATP
- glucose and oxygen are required in order for the bbb to undergo aerobic respiration and then produce ATP
- carb storage in brain in limited so supply of glucose must be continuous

Question 14

if low oxygen or glucose…

Answer 14

• mental confusion
• dizziness
• convulsions
• loss of consciousness