3.1 Nutrition

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

provide calories or energy and are required in large amounts

Question 2

carbohydrates

Answer 2

• fuel your body
• energy storage

Question 3

lipids

Answer 3

• fuel storage
• hormones
• cell storage (adipose)

Question 4

proteins

Answer 4

• structure
• storage
• enzymes
• muscle building blocks

Question 5

water

Answer 5

• excretion
• lubrication
• transport
• medium for reactions

Question 6

micronutrients

Answer 6

required by humans in small amounts to orchestrate a wide variety of physiological functions but are not made by the organism (small amounts)

Question 7

vitamins

Answer 7

• immune functions
• eyesight
• bone health

Question 8

minerals

Answer 8

• mineralization of bones and teeth
• blood oxygen transport
• acid base balance

Question 9

fiber

Answer 9

• digestion and bowel movements

Question 10

chemical composition of glucose

Answer 10

CHO

Question 11

chemical formula of glucose

Answer 11

C6H12O6

Question 12

structure of glucose

Answer 12

i can’t put one in but just know it

Question 13

explain how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Answer 13

condensation reaction:
- the linking of a monosaccharide to another monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide by the removal of a water molecule

Question 14

composition of a molecule of triacylglycerol

Answer 14

triglyceride:
- COH, many more C and H then O
- consists of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 15

saturated fatty acids

Answer 15

• no double bonds
• come from animals sources
• tropical oils- palm and coconut

Question 16

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 16

• double bonds between carbons
• come from plant based foods including (peanuts, olive oil, avocado, cashews

Question 17

chemical composition of a protein

Answer 17

• CHON

Question 18

essential amino acids

Answer 18

• cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from diet

Question 19

non-essential amino acids

Answer 19

• can be synthesized by the body

Question 20

balanced diet

Answer 20

• a diet that provides all nutrients in the right amount in order to maintain health and prevent nutrient excess or deficiency diseases

Question 21

how recommended energy distribution of the dietary macronutrients differs between endurance athletes and non-athletes

Answer 21

carbs:
- glycogen stores are directly dependent on the amount of carbs ingested
- found to prevent early muscle fatigue and hypoglycemia
- reduces the risk of rapid fatigue and a decline in performance
non-athletes; 45-65%
athletes: 55-75%

Question 22

lipids

Answer 22

• our body uses fats as a substrate once glycogen stores are depleted
  non–athletes: 15-30%
  athletes: 20-35%

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

• the use of body protein in exercise is usually small
• prolonged exercise in sports can degrade muscle, so there will be a need for amino acids during the recovery phase
  non-athletes: 10-15%
  athletes: 10-35%

Question 24

dietary recommendations

Answer 24

recommended amounts of essential nutrients in the diet

Question 25

dietary guidelines

Answer 25

recommended amounts of food
- food groups or meals

Question 26

joule (j)

Answer 26

a unit of energy obtained from food
(1 calorie = 4 joules
- lipids: 400kJ
- carbs: 1760kJ
- proteins; 1720kJ