5.1 characteristics and classification of sports

Question 1

skill

Answer 1

• the consistent production of goal-oriented movements which are learned and specified to the task
• goal-oriented
• learned through practice

Question 2

types of skill (cognitive: thinking, decision making)

Answer 2

• some sports require both physical cognitive skill (where knowledge of rules is crucial)
• ex) chess

Question 3

type of skill (perceptual, includes perceptual sense)

Answer 3

• vision, balance, tactile, auditory
• ex) rock climbing

Question 4

type of skill (motor)

Answer 4

• emphasis on movement and not much thinking
• ex) weight-lifting

Question 5

type of skill (perceptual motor)

Answer 5

• involves the interpretation of environmental stimuli and motor response
• most sports fall into this category
  ex) soccer, tennis, b-ball

Question 6

open

Answer 6

• significally affected by environmental conditions dictate the pace
• ex) football, triathlons

Question 7

closed

Answer 7

• performed in more stable, predictable environments
  -ex) archery, darts, gymnastics,

Question 8

gross

Answer 8

• involves large muscle groups
• upper and lower extremities
• ex) running, jumping, swimming,

Question 9

fine

Answer 9

• involves much smaller muscle groups and fine movements
• ex) darts, playing violin

Question 10

discrete

Answer 10

• have a clear start and finish
• ex) baseball swing, tennis serve, cartwheel

Question 11

serial

Answer 11

• the linking together of multiple skills to farm a longer more complex movement
• ex) triple jump, diving

Question 12

continuous

Answer 12

• the end of one cycle of movement becomes the beginning of the next
• ex) swimming, running, cycling

Question 13

external paced

Answer 13

• the environment controls the rate of performing the skill, performer pays attention to external events in order to control the rate of movement
• ex) any ball game!

Question 14

internal paced

Answer 14

• performer controls rate at which the skill is executed
• ex) javelin throw

Question 15

individual

Answer 15

• performed in isolation
• ex) high jump, pole vault,

Question 16

coactive

Answer 16

• performed at same time as others but without direct confrontation
• ex) swimming, track

Question 17

interactive

Answer 17

• where other performers are directly involved
• ex) soccer, tennis, football

Question 18

ability

Answer 18

• refers to a general trait or capacity of the individual that is related to the performance and performed potential of a variety of skills or traits
• attributes that we inherit that gives us the capacity to perform skills
• individuals differ in the strengths of their abilities

Question 19

physical proficiency abilities

Answer 19

• typical exercises physiology features
• flexibility, strength, gross coordination

Question 20

perceptual-motor abilities

Answer 20

• how we perceive our environment and act accordingly
• reaction time, manual dexterity, posture discrimination, wrist/finger speed

Question 21

technique

Answer 21

• the “way of doing” or the “way in which a particular skill is performed”
• the way an individual controls their limbs
• in order to perform skillfully, the person must have the proper technique and choose the the correct technique to use in any situation
• ex) down-block football, QB throwing, free kick/penalties in soccer

Question 22

discuss the difference between a skilled and a novice performer (novice)

Answer 22

• consistency: low
• accuracy: low
• control: low
• learned nature: poor
• efficiency: low
• goal-directed: poor
• fluency: erratic

Question 23

discuss the difference between a skilled and a novice performer (skilled)

Answer 23

• consistency: high
• accuracy: high
• control: accuracy
• learned nature: good
• efficiency: good
• goal-directed: good
• fluency: smooth

Question 24

skills vs abilities

Answer 24

skills:
- learned behavior
- quantifiable and measurable
- possible to teach, test, and measure
- developed through experience or training
abilities:
- natural or innate
- difficult to teach, test, or measure
- acquired without formal instructions