7.1 Pelvic Viscera 1 Flashcards
What are some examples of paired viscera?
Ureters, seminal vesicles
What are examples of unpaired viscera?
Bladder, rectum, prostate
Where do paired viscera get there nerve/blood supply and where their pain is referred to?
Nerve/blood supply from that side the viscera is on, and refered pain is the that same side of the body as well
Where to unpaired viscera get there nerve/blood supply from and where their pain is referred to?
Nerve/blood supply from both sides of spinal cord, pain referred to the midline
What are and describe the two types of sphincters?
Anatomical- localised muscle thickening for tubular viscera and Functional- no muscle thickening but muscle contract for force
What muscle types make up the ureter?
Smooth and circular muscle
How does urine pass down the ureter?
Peristalsis
What part of the bladder does the ureter pierce?
Intramural part, postero-laterally through the ureto-orifice
What crosses the ureters in each sex?
Female- uterine artery
Male- ductus deferens
What are Ureteric Calculi and where can they constrict?
Calcified stones that can constrict at the origin of the ureter, pelvic brim and the entrance of the bladder
Where is the bladder neck in relation to levator ani?
The bladder neck is above Levator ani
What is the Urachus?
It is the median umbilical ligament that ascends from the apex of the bladder the umbilicus
What is the Detrusor muscle?
Stretches to allow for urine, smooth muscle
What is the Trigone muscle?
Does not stretch for urine, where the uretal orifice comes in
Internal urethral sphincter
Males have this sphincter to prevent seminal regurgitation during ejaculation
What is the Micturition reflex?
Reflex with parasympathetic fibers vis S2-S4 to cause contraction of detrusor muscle, you overcome this during development
Relaxation of voluntary external urethral sphincter is donw by what nerve?
Puodenal nerve
Relaxation of involuntary internal urethral sphincter is done by what nerves?
Sympathetics from T12-L1
Describe the differences in urethra between the sexes
Female-short
Male- Long, changes direction, has 3 parts (prostatic, membranous and penile)
Describe the rectum location
From 3rd part of the sacrum to the tip of the coccyx
Describe the anatomy of the rectum
Distal 3rd is dilated called the Ampulla, Transverse rectal folds, surrounded by rectal fascia
What are the 3 pouches of rectal peritoneum?
Rectovesical, Uterovesical and Rectouterine pounches
Is there a higher chance of incontinence in men or women?
Women due to a lack of the internal urethral sphincter
