7.1 Pelvic Viscera 1

Question 1

What are some examples of paired viscera?

Answer 1

Ureters, seminal vesicles

Question 2

What are examples of unpaired viscera?

Answer 2

Bladder, rectum, prostate

Question 3

Where do paired viscera get there nerve/blood supply and where their pain is referred to?

Answer 3

Nerve/blood supply from that side the viscera is on, and refered pain is the that same side of the body as well

Question 4

Where to unpaired viscera get there nerve/blood supply from and where their pain is referred to?

Answer 4

Nerve/blood supply from both sides of spinal cord, pain referred to the midline

Question 5

What are and describe the two types of sphincters?

Answer 5

Anatomical- localised muscle thickening for tubular viscera and Functional- no muscle thickening but muscle contract for force

Question 6

What muscle types make up the ureter?

Answer 6

Smooth and circular muscle

Question 7

How does urine pass down the ureter?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

What part of the bladder does the ureter pierce?

Answer 8

Intramural part, postero-laterally through the ureto-orifice

Question 9

What crosses the ureters in each sex?

Answer 9

Female- uterine artery

Male- ductus deferens

Question 10

What are Ureteric Calculi and where can they constrict?

Answer 10

Calcified stones that can constrict at the origin of the ureter, pelvic brim and the entrance of the bladder

Question 11

Where is the bladder neck in relation to levator ani?

Answer 11

The bladder neck is above Levator ani

Question 12

What is the Urachus?

Answer 12

It is the median umbilical ligament that ascends from the apex of the bladder the umbilicus

Question 13

What is the Detrusor muscle?

Answer 13

Stretches to allow for urine, smooth muscle

Question 14

What is the Trigone muscle?

Answer 14

Does not stretch for urine, where the uretal orifice comes in

Question 15

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 15

Males have this sphincter to prevent seminal regurgitation during ejaculation

Question 16

What is the Micturition reflex?

Answer 16

Reflex with parasympathetic fibers vis S2-S4 to cause contraction of detrusor muscle, you overcome this during development

Question 17

Relaxation of voluntary external urethral sphincter is donw by what nerve?

Answer 17

Puodenal nerve

Question 18

Relaxation of involuntary internal urethral sphincter is done by what nerves?

Answer 18

Sympathetics from T12-L1

Question 19

Describe the differences in urethra between the sexes

Answer 19

Female-short

Male- Long, changes direction, has 3 parts (prostatic, membranous and penile)

Question 20

Describe the rectum location

Answer 20

From 3rd part of the sacrum to the tip of the coccyx

Question 21

Describe the anatomy of the rectum

Answer 21

Distal 3rd is dilated called the Ampulla, Transverse rectal folds, surrounded by rectal fascia

Question 22

What are the 3 pouches of rectal peritoneum?

Answer 22

Rectovesical, Uterovesical and Rectouterine pounches

Question 23

Is there a higher chance of incontinence in men or women?

Answer 23

Women due to a lack of the internal urethral sphincter