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infection > 7.1 Genital tract sexually T INFECTIONS > Flashcards

7.1 Genital tract sexually T INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 commonly diagnosed STIs:

A
  • chlamydia (49%)
  • first episode genital warts (13%)
  • gonorrhoea (13%)
  • first episode genital herpes (8%)
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2
Q

Pathogen of chlamydia ?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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3
Q

Chlamydia pathogen type ?

A

obligate intracellular GN bacteria

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4
Q

Chlamydia:
1. typically infects where in men & women
2. can also infect where ?

A
  1. men = urethra, women = cervix/urethra
  2. conjunctiva , rectum, nasopharynx
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5
Q

% asymptomatic in women and men for chlamydia ?

A

women 70% , men 50%

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6
Q

men, women , rectal

Chlamydia presentation ?

A

Men
* dysuria
* urethral discharge
* epididymo-orchitis

Women
* abnormal discharge
* unscheduled bleeding
* dysuria
* cervicitis
* pelvic inflammatory disease

Rectal
* proctitis (inflammation of the lining of the rectum)
* discharge

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7
Q

Chlamydia management

A

doxycycline

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8
Q

Pathogen causing lymphogranuloma venereum

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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9
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum associated with ?

A
  • small skin lesion
  • regional lymphadenopathy
  • severe proctitis
  • rectal discharge
  • tenesmus (frequent urge to go to bathroom without being able to go)
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10
Q
  1. endemic of lymphogranuloma venereum which countries ?
  2. In US, europe, australia it’s associated with which people group ?
A
  1. african, india, SEA
  2. GBMSM and HIV+
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11
Q

Gonorrhoea pathogen ?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- GN diplococcus

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12
Q

gonorrhoea :
1. primarily affects age and population group?
2. associated with what complications ?

A
  1. < 25y and GBMSM
  2. pregnancy complications
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13
Q

men , women

Gonorrhoea presentation ?

A

Men
* dysuria (painful/uncomfortable urination )
* muco-purulent urethral discharge

Women
* abnormal discharge (thin, watery, green/yellow)
* dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
* endocervical discharge, cervical bleeding

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14
Q

Gonorrhoea management ?

A

ceftriaxone IM

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15
Q

Trichomoniasis caused by ?

A

protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis

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16
Q

Presentation of trichomoniasis that’s 2% of women

A

strawberry cervix

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17
Q

Trichomoniasis:
1. > 90% diagnosed in ?
2. Up to …% men and women are asymptomatic

A
  1. women
  2. 50
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18
Q

men, women

Presentation of Trichomoniasis

A

Men
* dysuria (painful urination )

Women
* abnormal discharge (classic frothy/yellow discharge, ‘fishy’ smelling )
* vulva itching / pain
* dyspareunia (painful intercourse)

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19
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis management ?

A

metronidazole

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20
Q

Genital herpes infection caused by ?

A

herpes simplex virus (HSV) - 2 types (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

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21
Q

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are causes of genital herpes infection , what is HSV-1 also associated with ?

A
  • gingivostomatitis
  • cold sores
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22
Q

Genital herpes reactivation associated with ?

A
  • trauma
  • UV light (e.g. sun bathing, tanning beds)
  • HIV
  • immunocompromise
  • psychological stress
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23
Q

Genital herpes simplex presentation ?

A
  • painful crops of genital blisters (clusters of blisters)
  • ‘tingling’ or burning pain
  • lesions localised to dermatome
  • redness
  • dysuria
  • proctitis
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24
Q

Genital herpes simplex is transmission with ..1.. but infectious ….2.. shedding

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. viral
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25
Q

Genital herpes management ?

A

Acyclovir

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26
Q

Genital warts include benign, proliferative growths in which areas ?

A
  • genital
  • perineal (area between the pubic symphysis and coccyx )
  • anal
  • perianal (area surrounding anus)
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27
Q

Genital warts is generally ..1.. but. can be ..2..

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. painful
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28
Q

genital warts most commonly HPV genotype ?

A

6 and 11

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29
Q

Genital warts:
1. ~92% cases in ?
2. peak age of prevalence ?
3. diagnosed mainly how ?

A
  1. heterosexual men and women
  2. 20-24
  3. clinical diagnosis
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30
Q

genital warts management ?

A
  • surgical excision
  • cryotherapy
31
Q
  1. Infection type of molluscum contagiosum
  2. what it’s caused by ?
A
  1. general skin infection
  2. DNA poxvirus
32
Q

9/10 cases of molluscum contagiosum occur in children due to non-sexual skin contact , therefore why is it considered a sexual transmitted infection ?

A

Since it’s spread through skin contact it can also be transmitted during sexual intercourse

33
Q

Management of molluscum contagiosum ?

A

generally harmless and gets better in a few months without any specific treatment

34
Q

what’s not indicated with molluscum contagiosum ?

A

contact tracing

35
Q

pubic lice infestation (pediculosis pubis) is caused by ?

A

Phthirus pubis

36
Q

What is phthirus pubis ?

A

an obligate ectoparasite that causes pediculosis pubis

37
Q

Phthirus pubis ?
1. usually found on ?
2. also known as ?

A
  1. pubic and perianal hairs
  2. ‘crab’s bcos of crab like shape
38
Q

pediculosis pubis is spread and presents how ?

A
  • spread through sexual contact
  • presents as general itching, worse at night
39
Q

pubic lice management ?

A

permethrin cream

40
Q

What causes scabies ?

A

human itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei

41
Q

Action of sarcoptes scabiei ?

A

burrows into human skin and lay eggs

42
Q

Scabies …
1. acquired how ?
2. what’s worse at night ?
3. Presentations usually seen where?

A
  1. frequently sexual
  2. generalised itching (type 4 hypersensitivity reaction)
  3. upper medial aspects of thighs, penis, scrotum
43
Q

scabies management ?

A

permethrin cream

44
Q

Syphilis cause ?

A

spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum

45
Q

Presentations during each stage of syphilis ?

A
  1. primary - painless ulcer (chancre) on the genital area
  2. secondary - lymphadenopathy, macropapular rash, condylomata lata, fever, headache
  3. latent - no current clinical features
  4. tertiary - cardiac disease (angina, heart failure) , neurological disease (meningitis, cranial nerve defects, infarction)
46
Q

duration of primary syphilis?

A

~ 12 weeks

47
Q

duration of secondary syphilis ?

A

1-6 months

48
Q

early latent syphilis duration ?

A

< 2 years

49
Q

late latent syphilis duration ?

A

> 2 years

50
Q

tertiary syphilis duration ?

A

> 5 years

51
Q

management for syphilis ?

A

benzylpenicillin IM

52
Q

Mgen long version ?

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

53
Q

Mgen commonly associated with what in ?
1. men
2. women

A
  1. urethritis
  2. cervicitis
54
Q

Features of bacteria mycoplasma genitalium ?

A
  • slowly growing bacteria
  • lacks a cell wall therefore can’t culture/ gram stain or use beta-lactam antibiotics
55
Q
  1. Mgen impacts what ?
  2. with increased risk of ?
A
  1. pregnancy outcome
  2. preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, PID, infertility
56
Q

Presentations of Mgen in Men & women ?

A

Men: dysuria, testicular pain

Women: vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding

57
Q

Management for Mgen ?

A

doxycycline , azithromycin

58
Q

Mpox is what disease ? cause by what ?

A

Rare disease , caused by Monkeypox virus ds DNA virus

59
Q

Presentation of Mpox ?

A

most cases mild symptoms
small lesions on :
* hands
* mouth
* genitals
* anus

60
Q

Recovery period for Mpox ?

A

2-4 weeks

61
Q

Risk level of HPV 16 & 18 ? and what it’s risk for ?

A
  • high risk
  • cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical carcinoma
62
Q

genital HPV infection influence by what activity ?

A

sexual

63
Q

HPV infection most common in what age and group ?

A

sexually active young women 18-30 years old

64
Q

age range that cervical cancer more common in ?

A

> 35 yr

65
Q

what does cervical screening test for ?

A

high risk HPV

66
Q

what cancers can HPV also cause ?

A
  • oropharyngeal
  • anal
  • penile
67
Q

What is HIV ?

A

retrovirus that can lead to AIDS

68
Q

what does HIV reduce ?

A

CD4+ T cell count in body leading to opportunistic infections

69
Q
  1. In most cases how is HIV transmitted ?
  2. how can it also be transmitted ?
A
  1. sexually
  2. pregnancy, childbirth, blood transfusion
70
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted ?

A
  • perinatally
  • sexual contact
  • needle sharing in IVDU
71
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted ?

A
  • perinatally
  • needle sharing
72
Q

hepatitic C can be transmitted perinatally and associated with ..1…, .2… people and people with ..3… , needle sharing

A
  1. GBMSM
  2. HIV positive
  3. multiple partners
73
Q

Hepatitis B and C presentation ?

A
  • malaise
  • poor appetite
  • RUQ (right upper quadrant) pain
  • jaundice
  • may be asymptomatic

infection (33 decks)

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